How to Write Inspirational Articles for Newsletters
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THE SIMPLE PENDULUM
ITS PERIOD OF OSCILLATION
TO MEASURE G= 9.807 MS-2
AND AS A CLOCK

NAME:

CLASS:

TEACHER:

EXAMINATION CODE:

NRIC NO. :

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Contents

1. INTRODUCTION
 PENDULUM
 HISTORY OF PENDULUM

 MAIN BODY
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 GRAPH OF T AGAINST L
 PLOTTING OF TWO DIFFERENT VARIABLES
 COUNTING OF GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION
 SIMPLE PENDULUM AS A DEVICE
 TO MEASURE TIME

2. FURTHER EXPLORATION

3. CONCLUSION

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Introduction

Pendulum

A pendulum is a mass that is attached to a pivot, from which it can swing freely. This object is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it toward an equilibrium position. When the pendulum is displaced from its place of rest, the restoring force will cause the pendulum to oscillate about the equilibrium position.
A basic example is the simple gravity pendulum or bob pendulum. This is a mass (or bob) on the end of a massless string, which, when initially displaced, will swing back and forth under the influence of gravity over its central (lowest) point.
The regular motion of the pendulum can be used for time keeping, and pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks.
History of Pendulum
As recorded in the 5th century Chinese Book of Later Han, one of the earliest uses of the pendulum was in the seismometer device of the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) scientist and inventor Zhang Heng (78-139). Its function was to sway and activate a series of levers after being disturbed by the tremor of an earthquake far away. After this was triggered, a small ball would fall out of the urn-shaped device into a metal toad's mouth below, signifying the cardinal direction of where the earthquake was located (and where government aid and assistance should be swiftly sent). An Egyptian scholar, Ibn Yunus, is known to have described an early pendulum in the 10th century.

Galileo Galilei
Among his scientific studies, Galileo Galilei performed a number of observations of all the properties of pendulums. His interest in the pendulum may have been sparked by looking at the swinging motion of a chandelier in the Pisa cathedral. He began serious studies of the pendulum around 1602. Galileo discovered the key property that makes pendulums useful timekeepers: isochronism, which means that the period of the pendulum is approximately independent of the amplitude (width) of its swing, so that successive swings of the pendulum will take the same amount of time even if the swing is decreasing due to friction. He also found that the period of a pendulum is independent of the mass of its bob, and proportional to the square root of its length. The isochronism of the pendulum suggested a practical application for use as a metronome to aid musical students, and possibly for use in a clock.
Perhaps based upon the ideas of Galileo, in 1656 the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens patented a mechanical clock that employed a pendulum to regulate the movement. This approach proved much more accurate than previous time pieces, such as the hourglass. Following an illness, in 1665 Huygens made a curious observation about pendulum clocks. Two such clocks had been placed on his fireplace mantel, and he noted that they had acquired an opposing motion. That is, they were beating in unison but in the opposite direction—an anti-phase motion. Regardless of how the two clocks were adjusted, he found that they would eventually return to this state, thus making the first recorded observation of a coupled oscillator.
During his Académie des Sciences expedition to Cayenne, French Guiana in 1671, Jean Richer demonstrated that the periodicity of a pendulum was slower at Cayenne than at Paris. From this he deduced that the force of gravity was lower at Cayenne. Huygens reasoned that the centripetal force of the Earth's rotation modified the weight of the pendulum bob based on the latitude of the observer.
In his 1673 work Horologium Oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum, Christiaan Huygens published his theory of the pendulum. He demonstrated that for an object to descend a curve under gravity in the same time interval, regardless of the starting point, it must follow a cycloid curve, rather than the circular arc that a pendulum follows. This confirmed the earlier observation by Marin Mersenne that the period of a pendulum does vary with amplitude, and that Galileo's observation of isochronism was accurate only for small swings in the neighborhood of the center line.
The English scientist Robert Hooke devised the conical pendulum, consisting of a pendulum that is free to swing in both directions. By analyzing the circular movements of the pendulum bob, he used it to analyze the orbital motions of the planets. Hooke would suggest to Isaac Newton in 1679 that the components of orbital motion consisted of inertial motion along a tangent direction plus an attractive motion in the radial direction. Isaac Newton was able to translate this idea into a mathematical form that described the movements of the planets with a central force that obeyed an inverse square law—Newton's law of universal gravitation. Robert Hooke was also responsible for suggesting (as early as 1666) that the pendulum could be used to measure the force of gravity.
In 1851, Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault suspended a pendulum (later named the Foucault pendulum) from the dome of the Panthéon in Paris. It was the third Foucault pendulum he constructed, the first one was constructed in his basement and the second one was a demonstration model with a length of 11 meters. The mass of the pendulum in Pantheon was 28 kg and the length of the arm was 67 m. The Foucault pendulum was a worldwide sensation: it was the first demonstration of the Earth's rotation with a purely indoors experiment. Once the Paris pendulum was set in motion the plane of motion was observed to precess about 270° clockwise per day. A pendulum located at either of the poles will precess 360° per day relative to the ground it is suspended above. There is a mathematical relation between the latitude where a Foucault pendulum is deployed and its rate of precession; the period of the precession is inversely proportional to the sine of the latitude.
For 270 years, from their invention until quartz crystal oscillators superseded them in the 1920s, pendulums were the world's most accurate timekeeping technology. The most accurate pendulum clocks, called astronomical regulators, were installed in astronomical observatories, and served as standards to set all other clocks. The National Institute of Standards and Technology based the U.S. national time standard on the Riefler clock made by the German firm Clemens Riefler, from 1904 until 1929. This pendulum clock maintained an accuracy of a few hundredths of a second per day. It was briefly replaced by the double-pendulum W. H. Shortt clock, before the NIST switched to quartz clocks in the 1930s.

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Procedure

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Conclusion

My data showed the period of my simple pendulum to be independent of mass, which is consistent with the uncertainty of the measurements made with the stopwatch.

Time is measured to the nearest 0.01s but I might expect the vagueness of the measurements to be slightly larger than that since the stopwatch itself is somewhat inadequate and there is some small variation in the reaction time of the experimenter which is me.

My value of G was within 5.935% of the theoretical value, but again the range of the experimental values obtained for G does not quite take account of the expected experimental value. These differences are small and can probably be explained by some of the small errors listed above, which were not necessarily accounted for in the uncertainty calculations. Hence my result seem to be in agreement with existing theory, but in order to determine this for certain, I would need to do further investigation, attempting to control some of these variables.





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Proverb
Explanation / Meaning

A
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. When you are away from someone you love, you love them even more.
Accidents will happen. Some unfortunate events must be accepted as inevitable.
Actions speak louder than words. What a person actually does is more important that what they say they will do.
Advice is cheap.
Advice is least heeded when most needed. When a problem is serious, people often do not follow the advice given.
Advisers run no risks.
All cats are grey in the dark. People are undistinguished until they have made a name.
All that glitters is not gold. Appearances can be deceptive.
All days are short to Industry and long to Idleness. Time goes by slowly when you have nothing to do.
All is fair in love and war Things that are done in love or war can often be excused.
All's well that ends well There is a solution to everything even though there are doubts.
All things grow with time - except grief. As time goes by, grief subsides little by little.
All things are difficult before they are easy.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Everybody needs a certain amount of relaxation. It is not good to work all
the time.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.* Eating an apple every day can help to keep you healthy.
Other interpretation : A small preventive treatment wards off serious problems.
An empty purse frightens away friends. When one's financial situation deteriorates, friends tend to disappear.

An Englishman's home is his castle. An Englishman's home is a place where he feels safe, enjoys privacy
and can do as he wishes.
An idle brain is the devil's workshop. When you work you avoid temptation.
An onion a day keeps everyone away.*
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. It is easier to prevent something from happening than to repair the damage or
cure the disease later.
April showers bring May flowers.

A bad tree does not yield good apples.
A bad workman blames his tools. Blaming the tools for bad workmanship is an excuse for lack of skill.
A bird in hand is worth two in a bush. It's better to keep what you have than to risk losing it by searching for something better.
A broken friendship may be soldered but will never be
sound. Friendships can be rebuilt after a dispute but will never be as strong as before.
A burden of one's own choice is not felt. Something difficult seems easier when it is done voluntarily.
A burnt child dreads the fire. A bad experience will make people stay away from certain things.
A cat has nine lives. 1) Cats can survive many accidents because they land on their feet without injury.
2) Three lives = 3 years to play, 3 years to stray, 3 years to stay.
A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. The strength of a group depends on each individual member.
A change is as good as a rest.
A dry March, a wet April and a cool May
fill barn and cellar and bring much hay.
A fault confessed is half redressed. Confession is the beginning of forgiveness.
A fool and his money are soon (easily) parted. A foolish person usually spends money carelessly.
A friend in need is a friend indeed. Someone who helps you when you are in trouble.
A friend to all is a friend to none. Someone who is a friend to everyone makes none of them feel special.
A good beginning makes a good end. If a task is carefully planned, there's a better chance that it will be done well.

A good conscience is a soft pillow. You sleep well when you have nothing to feel guilty about.
A guilty conscience needs no accuser.
A leopard cannot change its spots. It is not possible for a bad or unpleasant person to become good or pleasant.
A loaded wagon makes no noise. Really wealthy don't talk about money.
A loveless life is a living death.
A man can die but once.
A man is as old as he feels himself to be.

A man is known by the company he keeps. A person's character is judged by the type of people with whom they spend
their time.
A rising tide lifts all boats. Describes something that will be helpful to all.
A rolling stone gathers no moss. If a person keeps moving from place to place, they gain neither friends nor
possessions.
Another interpretation is that, by moving often, one avoids being tied down!
A rotten apple spoils the barrel. A dishonest or immoral person can have a bad influence on a group.
A smooth sea never made a skilled mariner. Overcoming adversity leads to competence.
A stitch in time saves nine. It's better to deal with a problem at an early stage, to prevent it from getting
worse.
A stumble may prevent a fall. Correcting a small mistake may help you to avoid making a bigger one.
A swallow does not make the summer. One good event does not mean that everything is alright.
A tree is known by its fruit. A man is judged by his actions.
A young idler, an old beggar. If you don't work, you won't have any money when you're old.
After dinner rest a while, after supper walk a mile.

B Bad news travels fast. People tend to circulate bad news (accidents, illness etc.) very quickly.

Beauty is only skin deep. A person's character is more important than their appearance.

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Different people have different tastes.

Beauty is the wisdom of women. Wisdom is the
beauty of men.

Be swift to hear, slow to speak. Listen carefully before speaking.

Better be alone than in bad company. Be careful in the choice of the people you associate with.

Better flatter a fool than fight him. It's better to avoid disputes with stupid people.

Better the devil you know than the devil you don't
know It's better to deal with somebody difficult but familiar, than change and risk dealing
with somebody worse.

Better late than never. It's better to do something, even if it's late, than not do it at all.

Better lose the saddle than the horse. It's better to stop and accept a small loss, rather than continue and risk losing
everything.

Better untaught than ill-taught It's better not to be taught at all than to be taught badly.
Birds of a feather flock together. People of the same sort are usually found together.

Blood is thicker than water Family relationships are stronger than relationships with other people.
Blood will out. A person's background or education will eventually show.

C Charity begins at home. A person's first duty is to help and care for his own family.
Children and fools tell the truth.
Cleanliness is next to godliness. A clean body is just as important as a pure soul.
Clear moon, frost soon. If the atmosphere is clear, frost may form.
Clothes don't make the man. Appearances can be deceiving.
Constant occupation prevents temptation. When you work you avoid temptation.

D
Dead men tell no tales A dead person cannot cause difficulties by revealing something that it would be preferable to conceal.
Diamond cuts diamond. Refers to two people equally matched in wit or cunning.
Diligence is the mother of good fortune. Hard work brings rewards.
Discretion is the better part of valour It is useless to take unnecessary risks.
Diseases of the soul are more dangerous than
those of the body.

Distance makes the heart grow fonder. When you are separated from the person you love, your feelings are even stronger.
Dogs of the same street bark alike. People from the same background have the same behaviour.

Don't bark if you can't bite. Don't complain if you can't enforce your point of view.
Don't count your chickens before they're hatched. You must not be too confident that something will be successful.
Don't dig your grave with your own knife and fork. Don't do something yourself which causes your own downfall.
Don't judge a book by its cover. Don't judge by appearances.

E
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,
wealthy and wise.
Easier said than done. What is suggested sounds easy but it is more difficult to actually do it.
Empty vessels make the most noise. The least intelligent people are often the most talkative or noisy.
Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
Every path has its puddle. Progress is rarely without difficulty.
Every why has a wherefore. There is an explanation for everything.
Everything in the garden is rosy. Everything is satisfactory.
Experience is the father of wisdom. Experience and knowledge result in better judgement.


F Facts speak louder than words. People show what they are really like by what they do, rather than by what
they say.

Failure teaches success.
False friends are worse than open enemies.
Familiarity breeds contempt Knowing somebody very well may lead to a lack of respect for them.
Fool me once, shame on you;
fool me twice, shame on me. One should learn from one's mistakes.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread Inexperienced people act in situations that more intelligent people would avoid
Friendship is love with understanding.

G Give someone an inch and they will take a mile. Give someone a little and they will want more - some people are never satisfied.
Give someone enough rope and they will hang
themselves. Give someone enough time and freedom and they will get into trouble.
God helps those who help themselves.

Good and quickly seldom meet. A well-done job takes time.
Good management is better than good income.
Great minds think alike.

Great oaks grow from little acorns. Large successful operations can begin in a small way.
Grief divided is made lighter

H Half a loaf is better than none. You should be grateful for something, even if it's not as much as you wanted.
Haste makes waste. If something is done too quickly, it may be done carelessly and need to be redone.
Hatred is a blind as love. A person who feels hatred does not see any qualities in the person he/she hates.
He has enough who is content.
He who knows nothing, doubts nothing. Knowledge leads us to make choices.
He who pays the piper calls the tune. The person who provides the money for something should control how it is spent
He who plays with fire gets burnt. If you behave in a risky way, you are likely to have problems.

He laughs best who laughs last. Don't express your joy, or your triumph, too soon!
Health is better than wealth.

Home is where the heart is. You call home the place where the people you love are.
Honesty is the best policy.
Honey catches more flies than vinegar. You can obtain more cooperation from others by being nice.

I
In times of prosperity friends are plentiful. You have many friends when you have no difficulties.
If a camel gets his nose in a tent, his body will
follow. If you let something intrusive enter your life, your life will become difficult .

If in February there be no rain, 'tis neither good
for hay nor grain.
If you are patient in one moment of anger,
you will avoid 100 days of sorrow.
If you chase two rabbits, you will not catch either
one. If you try to do two things at the same time, you won't succeed in doing either of them.
If you want a friend, be a friend.
Ignorance is bliss. Possible interpretation: What you do not know causes no worry or sadness.
In for a penny, in for a pound. If you start something, it's better to spend the time or money necessary to complete it.
In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
It never rains but it pours. Misfortunes usually come in large numbers.
It is always darkest before the dawn The most difficult time is just before a problem is solved.
It's no use crying over spilt milk. Don't express regret for something that has happened and cannot be remedied.
It takes all sorts to make a world. People vary in character and abilities, and this is a good thing.

K Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.

Knowledge is power.
Kill the goose that lays the golden egg. Destroy something that would be a source of wealth or success.
Kindness begets kindness. If you are kind to people, they will be kind to you.


L
Learn to walk before you run. Don't rush into doing something until you know how to do it.
Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner
everywhere. Education is something you keep forever.
Let bygones be bygones. Let's forgive and forget past quarrels.
Liars need good memories.
Lightning never strikes in the same place twice An unusual event is not likely to occur again in exactly the same circumstances.
Like father, like son. A son's character can be expected to resemble his father's.
Look before you leap. Consider possible consequences before taking action.
Loose lips sink ships. Disclosing important information ( to the enemy or a competitor) could result in large
losses.
Love is blind. A person in love does not see the faults of the person he/she loves.

M
Make a silk purse out of a sow's ear Manage to produce something good using poor material.
Man is the head of the family;
woman is the neck that turns the head.
Man proposes, God disposes. Our destiny depends on God's will.
Manners make the man. Possibly: a person's manners show their origins.
Many hands make light work. Sharing work makes work easier.
Marry in haste, repent at leisure. If you get married too quickly, you may spend all your life regretting it.

Memory is the treasure of the mind.
Men make houses, women make homes.

Might as well be hanged for a sheep as (for) a lamb If the penalty is going to be the same, you might as well commit the greater offence.
Money begets money. If you have money you can make more money.
Money is the root of all evil. Money is the main cause of wrongdoing and problems.

N
Necessity is the mother of invention. The need for something forces people to find a way of obtaining it.
Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today Don't postpone something you can do now.
Never say die. Never give up.
Nobody is perfect.
No man is an island. We all need other people.
No news is good news. If the news was bad, we would hear of it. Since we have heard nothing,
we can assume that all is well.
Nothing ventured, nothing gained. You cannot expect to achieve anything if you don't take risks.

O Once bitten, twice shy. After an unpleasant experience, people are careful to avoid something similar.
One good turn deserves another. You should be helpful to someone who helps you.
One of these days is none of these days. 'One of these days' remains vague.
One today is worth two tomorrow. What you have today is better than what is promised or hoped for.

One man's meat is another man's poison People don't always like the same things.
Only real friends will tell you when your face is
dirty. Only a real friend will tell you the truth.
Opportunity seldom knocks twice. Don't miss opportunities that come along.
Out of sight, out of mind. We tend to forget people who are absent.


P Penny wise, pound foolish. Refers to a person who is careful about spending small amounts of money, but
not careful about spending large amounts of money.
People who live in glass houses should not throw
stones. One should not criticize others for faults similar to one's own.
Practice makes perfect. Doing something repeatedly is the only way to become good at it.

Practise what you preach Do yourself what you advise others to do.
Prevention is better than cure It is easier to prevent something from happening than to repair the damage or cure the
disease later.

Pride comes before a fall. Don't be too self-confident or proud; something may happen to make you look foolish.
Procrastination is the thief of time Delaying an action for too long is a waste of time.
Put all your eggs in one basket Risk everything by relying on one plan (by putting all one's money in one business).

R Revenge is sweet. There is satisfaction in returning an injury.
Rome was not built in a day. It takes a long time to do a job properly. You should not expect to do it quickly.

S
Save me from my friends. Friends can be more dangerous than enemies.

Saying is one thing, doing is another. People don't always do what they announce.

Short reckonings make long friends. Debts paid quickly encourage friendship.
Sickness in the body brings sadness to the mind.

Snug as a bug in a rug. Feeling very comfortable.
Spare the rod and spoil the child If you don't punish a child when he does wrong, you will spoil his character.
Sticks and stones will break my bones but names
will never hurt me Physical attacks may harm me, but cruel words will not.

Still waters run deep. A quiet person can have much knowledge or wisdom.
A stitch in time saves nine It's better to deal with a problem in its early stages, because if you don't, it will get
worse.
Stolen fruit is the sweetest. What is forbidden is the most tempting.

T Tall oaks grow from little acorns. Great things may come from small beginnings.

The apple doesn't fall far from the tree. Children resemble their parents.
The best advice is found on the pillow. After a good night's sleep we may find an answer to our problem.

The devil looks after his own. Success comes to those who deserve it least .

The devil makes work for idle hands People who have no work, or are idle, often get into or make trouble.
The die is cast. A decision has been made and it's impossible to change it.
The early bird catches the worm. If you want to do something successfully, you should do it as soon as you can.
The end justifies the means. Wrong or unfair methods may be used if the result of the action is good.
The more haste, the less speed. A person makes more progress if they do things less quickly.
The more you have, the more you want.

The pen is mightier than the sword Words and communication have greater effect than war and fighting.
The proof of the pudding is in the eating. The real value of something can be judged only after it has been tried or tested.
The road to hell is paved with good intentions. It's not enough to intend to do something, you must actually do it.
The tongue wounds more than a lance. Insults can be more hurtful than physical injuries.
The truth is in the wine. People speak more freely under the influence of alcohol.
The wish is father to the thought. You think that something is true because you want it to be so.

There is no fool like an old fool. A older person is expected to behave more sensibly.
There is safety in numbers Being in a crowd makes you feel more confident.
Time and tide wait for no man. No one can delay the passing of time.
Time has wings. Time goes by quickly.

Time is money. Time is valuable and should not be wasted.
To err is human, to forgive divine It is human nature to make mistakes, therefore one should forgive.
Too many cooks spoil the broth. If too many people are involved in something, it will not be done properly.

Trust not a horse's heel nor a dog's tooth.
Truth is stranger than fiction. Events in real life are sometimes stranger than in fiction.
Two wrongs don't make a right It is wrong to harm someone because they have harmed you.

U
Union is strength.

V
Variety is the spice of life. Doing a lot of different things makes life more interesting.

Virtue is its own reward. You should not expect praise for acting in a correct or moral way.

W Walls have ears. Be careful. People could be listening.
Waste not, want not. If you never waste anything, you will have it when you need it.
What the eye doesn't see, the heart doesn't grieve
over. If a person doesn't know about something, it cannot hurt them.
What a man says drunk, he thinks sober. People speak more freely under the influence of alcohol.

What soberness conceals, drunkenness reveals. People are less discreet under the influence of alcohol.
When the cat's away, the mice play. People misbehave when their boss, or the person in authority, is absent.

When in Rome, do as the Romans do. You should adopt the customs of the people or country you are visiting,
and behave in the same way.
When poverty come in the door, love goes out the
window.
Where there's life there's hope.

Where there's a will, there's a way. A person with determination will find a way of doing something.
Who makes himself a sheep will be eaten by the wolves. Possible interpretation: an easily influenced person can be mislead.
Wisdom is better than strength.
Wonders will never cease! Expresses surprise at an unexpected pleasure or event (ironic).

Y
You are what you eat.
You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. You help me and I'll help you.

步法、步態 Gait

amble
漫步

barrel
走得很快

bounce
跰跰跳跳的前進

bustle
奔忙

canter
慢跑(尤其是指馬)

caper
高興地跳躍前進

clamber
攀登

clomp
重踏著走

clump
碰碰響地前進

crawl
爬行

curvet
跳躍(尤其指馬)

dander
閒逛﹔漫步﹔溜達

dart
急衝

dash
衝撞﹔突進

dogtrot
小跑步，慢跑步

drift
漂流

flash
衝撞

flit
飛躍﹔掠過

flitter
輕快地移動﹔翩翩而飛

flow
滑動﹔流動

flutter
輕快地移動

fly
快速移動

footslog
在泥濘中費力地行進

frogmarch
把人的雙手扳在背後強迫其往前走

gallop
疾奔﹔飛跑(尤其指馬)

glide
滑走

goose-step
以正步行進

hobble
蹣跚而行﹔跛行

hop
跳躍﹔跳過

hurdle
跳過，越過（障礙）

hurry
匆促離開

hurtle
突進

inch
慢慢一點一點地移動

jog
慢跑

jounce
顛簸

jump
跳躍

leap
跳躍

limp
跛行

lope
大步慢跑

lumber
笨拙地移動

march
行進

maunder
沒精打采地走

mince
裝模作樣地走

mosey
漫步﹔徘回﹔急速離去

pace
踱步走

pad
輕聲地走或是跑步

patter
輕快地行進

plod
沉重緩慢地行走

prance
跳躍﹔昂首闊步

prowl
潛行﹔徘回

ramble
漫步，漫遊﹔徘回

reel
失去平衡地走

run
跑，快速移動

sashay
滑動(行)﹔裝模作樣地走

saunter
閒逛﹔漫步﹔溜達

scamper
疾走﹔奔跑﹔匆促地走﹔驚奔﹔跑來跑去

scrabble
掙扎　

scramble
很快地爬，攀登

scuff
拖著腳走

scuffle
拖腳而走

scurry
急匆匆地跑﹔急走

scuttle
急速奔跑﹔倉皇逃離(危險)

shamble
琅蹌而行﹔蹣跚而行

shuffle
拖著腳走

skelter
疾行﹔急匆匆地跑

skip
跳躍地往前進

skitter
飛掠而過﹔滑行

slide
悄悄移動﹔輕輕地滑過

slither
滑行﹔滑動

slog
掙扎地行走

slosh
在水或是泥裡跳動或是行走

spring
跳躍地前進

sprint
用全速跑

stagger
蹣跚、搖晃而行

stamp
踐踏

step
踏步(前進)

step lively
輕步(跳躍地)前進

stomp
踱步(前進)

straddle
跨開雙腿地走

stride
跨步﹔(很有精神地)大踏步行走

stroll
漫步﹔閒逛﹔溜達

strut
昂首闊步地走﹔神氣十足地走

stumble
搖晃而行﹔絆倒

stump
笨重地行走

swagger
高傲地昂首闊步地走

tiptoe
墊著腳間走

toddle
以短而不穩的腳步走

totter
蹣跚、搖擺而行

tramp
踏步行進

trample
踐踏(特別是用腳去踩碎東西)

tread
踐踏(輪胎的胎面也叫tread)

trip
絆倒，跌倒

tromp
用沉重的腳步踏步行進﹔踐踏

trot
小跑﹔快步走﹔急匆匆地走

trudge
吃力地走

waddle
以短而慢的步伐走路(像鴨子走路一樣)

wade
涉水或泥而走﹔費力前進

walk
行走﹔散步

waltz
以輕巧地步伐走

wamble
搖動身子蹣跚而行

whisk
快速輕盈地移動

wobble
搖晃地前進

zip
飛快地移動﹔尖嘯而過

zoom
快速地移動，特別是有嗡嗡聲或是呼呼聲(呼嘯地快速移動)







　 　
心境與意圖 Mood and Intent

accelerate
加速，加快

ambulate
走動﹔巡走﹔移動﹔步行

balk
停止﹔猶豫﹔停止﹔(打球)做假動作

barge
緩慢地移動﹔蹣跚前進﹔亂衝(通常是撞到東西)

bestride
跨坐﹔跨站﹔跨過

blunder
跌跌撞撞﹔偶然遇見

bob
上下(急速)擺動﹔輕敲(叩)

bop
快速地移動﹔好像隨著音樂的節拍雙腳滑行地前進

brush
擦過﹔拂﹔急速移動

buck
向空中彈跳﹔

budge
(稍許地)移動﹔開始移動

caper
跳躍﹔雀躍

careen
傾側

career
飛奔﹔疾馳

catapult
使彈跳出﹔投擲﹔發射

cavort
蹦跳﹔騰躍

charge
攻擊﹔高速尾隨(bear down on)

chase
追逐(趕)﹔匆忙地走

chug
嘎嘎而行

clip
迅速移動

coast
滑動﹔輕鬆漫遊

convoy
護送﹔護航

course
跑﹔迅速地延著特定的路徑行進﹔迅速超過(穿過)

cover ground
快速越過

cower
畏縮﹔退縮

creak along
移動時吱吱嘎嘎地作響

creep
爬行﹔躡手躡腳地走

cringe
畏縮﹔抖縮﹔卑恭﹔諂媚

crouch
蹲伏﹔彎身﹔低頭﹔畏縮

crowd
擠

cruise
航行﹔巡行﹔徘回於

crumple
瓦解﹔崩潰

dally
滯留﹔逗留﹔戲弄﹔嬉戲﹔閒蕩

dance
跳舞﹔跳躍

dawdle
浪費時間﹔閒蕩﹔怠惰﹔遊手好閒﹔虛擲光陰

decelerate
減速﹔減緩

dillydally
拖拖拉拉﹔磨磨蹭蹭﹔三心兩意地浪費時間

dither
發抖﹔慌亂﹔猶豫不決﹔高頻震動

dive
跳水﹔一頭投入

dodder
蹣跚而行﹔搖搖晃晃

dodge
閃身躲開﹔躲避﹔巧妙地迴避

drag
拉﹔拖﹔拖曳而行

drift
漂流﹔漫無目標地前進

duck
急速低頭或彎身(躲避)﹔投入水中

ease
放鬆﹔減輕﹔在一點點的阻力下前進

elope 私奔；逃跑
elude
躲避﹔逃脫﹔困惑

escape
逃跑，逃脫﹔成功地避免

escort
護送﹔護航

evade
逃避﹔躲避﹔規避

falter
蹣跚而行﹔動搖﹔膽怯﹔支吾地說出

fiddle about
鬼混﹔虛度光陰

fidget
煩躁不安﹔坐立不安

flail
隨意地揮動

flap
拍動﹔飄動﹔有氣無力地搖動

flee
避開﹔逃避

flick
輕輕地彈

flip
輕輕地彈

float
漂浮

flock
聚集成一堆

flounce
急轉；

flounder
掙扎﹔因糊塗而犯錯

flump
砰然落下

flurry
慌慌張張或是很興奮地前進

frisk
快樂的又蹦又跳

frolic
嬉戲

gad
遊蕩

gallivant
遊蕩﹔閒逛

gambol
蹦蹦跳跳；嬉戲

glissade
滑步 (glide: 雙腳滑走)

grovel
趴在地上；卑躬屈節；沉溺

gush
湧出；噴出；過度熱情；情緒過度地表露

halt
停步；跛行；躊躇

hasten
趕快；加速；催促；急行

herd
聚集；群集

hie
催促；急忙；疾走

hike
徒步旅行；遠足；使勁移動；猛拉；提高；急速增加

hover
翱翔；盤旋；徘回；躊躇；搖擺不定

hulk
笨重的移動

hunch
推開；擠開；預感(口語)

hustle
亂擠；推開；趕忙；驅趕；強迫；兜售(口語)；騙錢(口語)

idle
遊手好閒；不做事；虛度

intrude
闖入；侵入；打擾；硬塞入

jaunt
遠足；徒步旅行

jet
噴出；迅速地移動；搭乘

jostle
推；擠；貼近

journey
旅行；旅遊

knife
切割；劃過；動手術(口語)

leapfrog
跳躍前進；跳過；避免；避開

linger
躊躇；徘回；纏綿；留戀

loaf
遊手好閒；虛度光陰

loiter
徘回；閒蕩；消遙

loll
懒洋洋地靠在...；低垂；伸出

lollop
懶散地走；搖晃地走

lounge
閒逛；懒洋洋地靠著；懶散地混日子

lunge
刺；突進；擊

lurk
藏匿；埋伏；潛行；潛伏

make way
開路；讓路

maneuver
演習；用計策

maunder
無精打采地走；胡言亂語；嘮叨地講 = nag

meander
漫步；閒扯

mooch
蹣跚地走；彷徨(口語)；揩油(口語) ；乞討(口語)

moonwalk
如月球漫步般走路

muddle through


nip up
跳起；

obtrude
闖入；莽撞；多管閒事

paddle
划槳前進

parade
遊行

patrol
巡邏；巡查

piddle
閒蕩；混日子；浪費時間；做事懶散；挑食

plane
滑行；搭乘飛機

play
輕輕鬆鬆，快快樂樂的行進

plow
耕，犁田 ；

plug away
不停的工作；拼命的工作

poke along
漫無目標地緩緩行進

post
快速行進

potter
閒逛；閒蕩；慢條斯理的做事

promenade
悠閒地散步；漫步

prowl
徘回；為了偷竊或是覓食而潛行

pursue
追捕；尋求；糾纏；跟隨；繼續下去

pussyfoot
小心翼翼地走；觀望；抱著騎牆態度

putter
漫步；閒蕩；無精打采地工作

quicken one’s step
加快腳步；加速

quickstep
齊步走

ramp
橫衝直撞

rampage
橫衝直撞

range
排列

rip
撕開；割開

ripple
飄動；起伏

roam
漫遊；閒逛

rock
搖動；振動

romp
嬉戲

rove
流浪；漂泊

rumble
發出隆隆聲音前進

rush
衝；急進；匆促進行；催促

rush headlong


sail
航行

scoot
疾走；飛奔；猛衝

seep
滲出；滲透；漸漸消失

settle


shadow
覆蓋；變陰暗；尾隨

shilly-shally
猶豫不決；浪費時間；閒蕩；閒混

shimmy
振動；顫動

shoot


shoulder
用肩膀衝擠

shunt
錯開

skate
滑行

ski
在雪上滑行

skid
快跑；疾行；打滑；測滑

skim
飛速掠過

skulk
躲避；藏匿；潛逃；偷懶

sled
做雪橇往前行

slink
潛行(逃)；溜走；鬼鬼祟祟地走

slouch
懶散地走；頭垂下來

slump
倒下；彎垂；陷入；暴跌

snake
蜿蜒而行；曲折前進

sneak
潛行；偷偷地走

souse
投入水中；浸泡在水裡；使溼透

speed
迅速前進；疾走

splash
潑；濺；涉水；濺潑著前進

sprawl
仰卧；伸開手腳；趴著；蔓延；不規則地散開

spurt
噴出；湧出；迸出；衝刺

squirm
蠕動；扭動

stalk
大步地走；搜索

stampede
驚逃；奔竄

steal
偷偷地行動

stir
攪拌；移動

straggle
迷途；走失；落後；散開

streak
飛奔；快跑

stream
流出

surge
波浪洶湧；起伏；翻滾

swarm
蜂擁；擁擠；擠滿

swim
游水；漂浮

swoop
飛撲

swoosh
迅速移動

tarry
滯留；停留

tear
扯開；撕裂

tool


toss
投

tour
旅遊；旅行

track
跟蹤；遵行；旅行

trail
拖；拉；追獵；蔓延；逐漸消失

traipse
漫無目的地俳回；散步

trek
長途跋涉

trespass
侵入；逾越；侵害；打擾；干擾

trickle
慢慢地移動；滴；淌；細流

troop
成群結隊地走；結夥；集體行進

trundle
(沉重地，艱難地)移動；滾動；轉動；慢步走

twinkle
快速移動；閃爍；

twitch
抽筋；抽動；扯；猛拉；扭動

undulate
起伏；波動；

upspring
向上跳躍；發展；發達

usher
招待；引導；引進；護送；宣傳

vamp
即席伴奏；修理

visit
訪問；參觀；巡視

voyage
航行；旅行

waft
浮動；飄蕩

wag
搖擺；蹣跚地走

wallow
在泥水中打滾；沉迷；耽溺於

wash


welter
打滾；(浪)翻滾；掙扎

wheel
使轉方向

whiz
使飛速轉動

whoosh
飛快地移動

wiggle
移動；搖動；迅速擺動

wince
畏縮；退避

wing
飛過

worm
爬行；蠕動

wrench
猛扭；扭轉

wrestle
摔跤；角力；奮鬥；拼命

wriggle
扭動

writhe
使纏繞；扭曲；轉動；苦惱；掙扎；極端痛苦

http://www.geocities.com/tommy0911/london/elesson.2.htm

　　 Time flies. 光阴似箭.
　　 Time is life. 时间就是生命.
　　 Times change. 时代在改变.
　　 Time is money. 时间就是金钱.
　　 Life is sweet. 人生是美好的.
　　 Love is blind. 爱情是盲目的.
　　 Extremes meet. 两极相通，有无相生。
　　 Like knows like 人识其类。
　　 Let well alone. 不要画蛇添足. /事已成功,不必多弄.
　　 Marry thy like. 结婚须找同类人.
　　 One man,no man. 个人是渺小的.
　　 Hsitory is bunk. 历史是一堆废话。
　　 Time marches on. 岁月如流
　　 Murder will out. 恶行终会败露。
　　 Never say "die'. 永远不要说" 完了".
　　 Care is no cure. 忧虑治不了病。
　　 Beware beginning. 慎始为上。
　　 Deeds, not words. 行动胜于空谈.
　　 No mill, no meal. 不磨面,没饭吃.
　　 Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。
　　 Love begets love. 爱爱相生.
　　 In doing we learn. 我们在干中学习.
　　 No cross,no crown. 未经苦难,得不到荣冠.
　　 Care killed a cat. 忧虑能杀人。
　　 Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.
　　 No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.
　　 The truth will out. 真相总会大白.
　　 Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.
　　 To think is to see. 思考就是明白.
　　 Truth will prevail. 真理必胜
　　 A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。
　　 Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.
　　 In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.
　　 Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.
　　 Every little helps. 点滴都有用.
　　 Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度，勿念旧恶。
　　 Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.
　　 Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。
　　 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.
　　 Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.
　　 Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.
　　 Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.
　　 Fair play's a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.
　　 Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.
　　 Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.
　　 What's lost is lost. 失者不可复得。
　　 Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.
　　 Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.
　　 No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。
　　 Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.
　　 Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.
　　 Manners make the man. 举止见人品。
　　 Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.
　　 Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.
　　 Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥，难听不怕。
　　 Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.
　　 Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.
　　 Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.
　　 Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.
　　 Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.
　　 Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.
　　 Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。
　　 Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.
　　 As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.
　　 Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日，人人都有运来时。
　　 Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.
　　 "Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。
　　 After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。
　　 Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.
　　 Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.
　　 Time cures all things. 时间是最好的医生. /时间能医愈一切创痛.
　　 Truth needs no colour. 真理不需要打扮.
　　 Silence gives consent. 沉默就是赞成。
　　 Still waters run deep. 静水流深。
　　 Study,study,and study. 学习,学习,再学习.
　　 Virtue never grows old. 美德不会衰老.
　　 No sweet without sweat. 幸福来自汗水.
　　 No herb will cure love. 相思病无药医.
　　 A true jest is no jest. 真正的笑语决非笑话。
　　 A man can die but once. 人无二死.
　　 A bargain is a bargain. 成约不能翻悔。
　　 All men can't be first. 不可能人人得冠军。
　　 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马.
　　 Every flow has its ebb. 潮有涨落日,人有盛衰时.
　　 History repeats itself. 历史往往重演。
　　 I think,therefore I am. 我思考，所以我存在。
　　 Let bygones be bygones. 既往宜不咎。
　　 Like author, like book. 书如其人。
　　 Pardon all but thyself. 宽恕一切人，只是别宽恕自己。
　　 Pride goes before fall. 骄者必败。
　　 Knowledge is no burden. 知识再多不压身.
　　 Civility costs nothing. 礼貌不费分文.
　　 Charity begins at home. 仁爱先施于亲友.
　　 Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好.
　　 Better leave than lack. 有余胜过不足.
　　 Cheapest is the dearest. 最便宜的也就是最贵的.
　　 Custom is second nature. 习惯是第二天性。/ 习惯成自然。
　　 In valour there is hope. 希望在于勇敢.
　　 Reason rules all things. 理智统治一切.
　　 Learn young, learn fair. 学习趁年少,而且要学好
　　 Idleness rusts the mind. 懒散使头脑衰退.
　　 Health and money go far. 有了健康和钱财，就能走遍天下。
　　 Hope well and have well. 善寄希望于未来,又善保有现在.
　　 Hope is a lover's staff. 希望是爱者的手扶之杖.
　　 Every Jack has his Jill. 人均有其偶.
　　 If the cap fits,wear it. 帽子合适，你就戴上；如说的符合你的情况，你就接受。
　　 Failure teaches success. 失败乃成功之母.
　　 First think, then speak. 熟思而后言.
　　 Forewarned is forearmed. 凡事预则立。
　　 Barking dogs don't bite. 吠犬不咬人。
　　 Beauty is but skin-deep. 美只是外表, /不能以貌取人.
　　 Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。
　　 Good wine needs no bush. 酒好无需挂幌子。
　　 Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
　　 All his geese are swans. 自己的鹅都是天鹅。
　　 A poet is born,not made. 诗人K天成。
　　 A snow year,a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。
　　 No man is indispensable. 没有一个人是不可缺少的。/少了谁地球也转。
　　 Never hope for too much. 不要期望太多.
　　 Tomorrow is another day. 明天又是一个新的开始.
　　 Time is life for doctors. 对医生来说,时间就是生命.
　　 Time is the great healer. 时间是最好的医治者.
　　 Time works great changes. 时间会产生巨大的变化.
　　 Two can play at the game. 你会耍的花招，别人也会。
　　 Success has many friends. 成功者朋友多.
　　 No pleasure without pain. 乐中必有苦.
　　 Take things as they come. 随遇而安。
　　 Talent is as talent does. 是不是有实才,就看干得来干不来.
　　 All for one, one for all. 人人为我,我为人人.
　　 A little pot is soon hot. 壶小易沸,量小易怒.
　　 A cat may look at a king. 猫也可以看皇帝。/ 地位虽不同，人人应平等。
　　 A good marksman may miss. 好射手也有失手的时候.
　　 Anger is a brief madness. 愤怒是短暂的疯狂。
　　 Wonders will never cease. 奇迹无穷尽。
　　 You never know your luck. 命运好坏不由已.
　　 Youth is half the battle. 年轻是胜利的一半.
　　 As the call, so the echo. 发什么声音，有什么回声。
　　 As the tree,so the fruit. 什么树结什么果。
　　 He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断,反受其乱.
　　 Fortune favours the bold. 天助勇者。
　　 Forbidden fruit is sweet. 禁果分外甜。
　　 From saving comes having. 富有来自节俭.
　　 Fool's haste is no speed. 急急忙忙, 欲速反慢.
　　 Fair and softly goes far. 谦和者致远。
　　 Every man has his faults. 人都有缺点.
　　 Hunger is the best sauce. 饥者口中尽佳肴.
　　 Learn even from an enemy. 即使是敌人也可以向他学习.
　　 Little goods little care. 钱财少,不烦恼.
　　 Practise what you preach. 躬行己说,身体力行. /自己怎么说,就得怎么干.
　　 Second thoughts are best. 再思为上.
　　 It is hard to please all. 要使人人满意是件难事。
　　 Business before pleasure. 先工作,后娱乐./干完正事再玩儿.
　　 It is dogged that does it. 有志者事竞成.
　　 It's a day after the fair. 错过良机，为时已晚。
　　 Reading enriches the mind. 开卷有益.
　　 Opportunities do not wait. 机不可失,时不再来.
　　 Other times,other manners. 隔代不同礼。
　　 Love laughs at locksmiths. 爱情嘲笑锁匠. /爱情能克服困难.
　　 Let the sleeping dogs lie. 莫惹是非。
　　 Every medal has two sides. 每个勋章都有两面。/ 每个问题都有正反两面。
　　 Every bean hath its black. 每粒蚕豆都长黑嘴。 / 人都有缺点。
　　 Even Homer sometimes nods. 即使荷马也会打盹. /智者千虑,必有一失.
　　 Facts are stubborn things. 事实都是顽强的. /事实是掩盖不住的.
　　 Every why has a wherefore. 凡事必有因.
　　 Fortune favours the brave. 天佑勇士。
　　 Art is long,life is short. 人生短暂，艺术长存。
　　 Bad times make a good man. 艰难困苦出能人.
　　 Better be sure than sorry. 稳当总比后悔好。
　　 Good counsel does no harm. 忠言有利无害。
　　 Anything for a quiet life. 悠然自在最难求.
　　 Appearances are deceptive. 外表是K不住的。
　　 Who knows most says least. 知道得最多的人说得最少。
　　 A good deed is never lost. 好心一定有好报。
　　 A lazy youth, a lousy age. 少时懒惰老来苦.
　　 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开.
　　 Take time by the forelock. 要把握时机.
　　 Nothing seek,nothing find. 无所求则无所获.
　　 Never do things by halves. 做事不可半途而废.
　　 The wages of sin is death. 为恶者应灭亡。
　　 Sow nothing, reap nothing. 春不播,秋不收. /无功不能受禄.
　　 True love never grows old. 真正的爱永不衰老.
　　 Sharp tools make good work. 工欲善其事,必先利其器.
　　 Sweep before your own door. 正人先正己。
　　 Time is wealth for workers. 对工人来说,时间就是财富.
　　 Time is grain for peasants. 对农民来说,时间就是粮食.
　　 Today is Yesterday's pupil. 今天是昨天的学生.
　　 After a storm comes a calm. 雨过天晴,苦尽甘来.
　　 A man's home is his castle. 一个人的家就是他的城堡.
　　 A bully is always a coward. 恃强欺弱者均是懦夫。
　　 A creaking door hangs long. 旧门久用，病夫命长。
　　 A bow long bent grows weak. 常拉满弓无力。
　　 An artist lives everywhere. 一技在身，走遍天下。
　　 Youth will have its course. 人生谁无少年时,甜苦酸辛各自知.
　　 There are spots in the sun. 太阳也有黑点。
　　 Beggars cannot be choosers. 乞丐不能挑肥拣瘦.
　　 Be still,and have the will. 不动声色,事方有成.
　　 Art lies in concealing art. 艺术在于使人看不见艺术。
　　 Freedom lies in being bold. 自由在于勇敢.
　　 Give losers leave to speak. 要允许失败者讲话。
　　 First thrive and then wive. 先立业,后成家.
　　 Truth is stranger than fiction. 事实离奇胜于虚构。
PS: Please refer to http://myforum.cgcstation.com/read.php?tid=66302&keyword

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + haveever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
例句：
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）
例句：
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的优点是...）
例句：
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）
例句：
So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The　+　~er　+　S　+　V,　~~~　the　+　~er　+　S　+　V　~~~　
The　+　more　+　Adj　+　S　+　V,　~~~　the　+　more+　Adj　+　S　+　V　~~~（愈...愈...）　
例句：The　harder　you　work,　the　more　progress　you　make.　
你愈努力，你愈进步。　
The　more　books　we　read,　the　more　learned　we become.　
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。　

十二、By　+Ving,　~~　can　~~　（借着...，..能够..）
例句：By　taking　exercise,　we　can　always　stay　healthy.　
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。　

十三、~~~　enable　+　Object（受词）+　to　+　V　（..使..能够..）　
例句：Listening　to　music　enable　us　to　feel　relaxed.　
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。　

十四、On　no　account　can　we　　+　V　~~~　（我们绝对不能...）　
例句：On　no　account　can　we　ignore　the　value　of　knowledge.　
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。　

十五、It　is　time　+　S　+　过去式　（该是...的时候了）　
例句：It　is　time　the　authorities　concerned　took proper　steps　to　solve　the　traffic　problems.　
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。　

十六、Those　who　~~~　（...的人...）　
例句：Those　who　violate　traffic　regulations　should　be　punished.　
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。　

十七、There　is　no　one　but　~~~　（没有人不...）　
例句：There　is　no　one　but　longs　to　go　to　college.　
没有人不渴望上大学。　

十八、be　+　forced/compelled/obliged　+　to　+　V　（不得不...）　
例句：Since　the　examination　is　around　the　corner,　I　am　compelled　to　give　up　doing　sports.　
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。　

十九、It is　conceivable　that　+　句子　（可想而知的）　
It　is　obvious　that　+　句子　（明显的）　
It　is　apparent　that　+　句子　（显然的）　
例句：It　is　conceivable　that　knowledge　plays　an important　role　in　our　life.　
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。　

二十、That　is　the　reason　why　~~~　（那就是...的原因）　
例句：Summer　is　sultry.　That　is　the　reason　why I　don't　like　it.　
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。　

二十一、For　the　past　　+　时间，S　+　现在完成式.（过去...年来，...一直...）　
例句：For　the　past　two　years,　I　have　been　busy　preparing　for　the　examination.　
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。　

二十二、Since　+　S　+　过去式，S　+　现在完成式。　
例句：Since　he　went　to　senior　high　school,　he has　worked　very　hard.　
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、It　pays　to　+　V　~~~　（...是值得的。）　
例句：It　pays　to　help　others.　
帮助别人是值得的。　

二十四、be　based　on　（以...为基础）　
例句：The　progress　of　thee　society　is　based　on harmony.　
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。　

二十五、Spare　no　effort　to　+　V　（不遗余力的）　
例句：We　should　spare　no　effort　to　beautify　our　environment.　
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。　

二十六、bring　home　to　+　人　+　事　（让...明白...事）　
例句：We　should　bring　home　to　people　the　valueof　working　hard.　
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。　

二十七、be　closely　related　to　~~　（与...息息相关）　
例句：Taking　exercise　is　closely　related　to　health.　
做运动与健康息息相关。　

二十八、Get　into　the　habit　of　+　Ving=　make　it　a　rule　to　+　V　（养成...的习惯）　
We　should　get　into　the　habit　of　keeping　good hours.　
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。　

二十九、Due　to/Owing　to/Thanks　to　+　N/Ving,　~~~（因为...）　
例句：Thanks　to　his　encouragement,　I　finally　realized　my　dream.　
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。　

三十、What　a　+　Adj　+　N　+　S　+　V!=　How　+　Adj　+　a　+　N　+　V!（多么...！）　
例句：What　an　important　thing　it　is　to　keep　our　promise!　
How　important　a　thing　it　is　to　keep　our　promise!　
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！　

三十一、Leave　much　to　be　desired　（令人不满意）

例句：The　condition　of　our　traffic　leaves　much to　be　desired.　
我们的交通状况令人不满意。　

三十二、Have　a　great　influence　on　~~~　（对...有很大的影响）　
例句：Smoking　has　a　great　influence　on　our　health.　
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。　

三十三、do　good　to　（对...有益），do　harm　to　（对...有害）　
例句：Reading　does　good　to　our　mind.读书对心灵有益。　
Overwork　does　harm　to　health.工作过度对健康有害。

　

三十四、Pose　a　great　threat　to　~~　（对...造成一大威胁）　
例句：Pollution　poses　a　great　threat　to　our　existence.　
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。　

三十五、do　one's　utmost　to　+　V　=　do　one's　best　（尽全力去...）　
例句：We　should　do　our　utmost　to　achieve　our　goal　in　life.　
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

Lesson 15 - Family Members

Relative Titles - 친척과 관계된 호칭

Older Woman - 아주머니 - ajumni (aunt) [Polite]

Older Woman - 아줌마 - ajumma (auntie) [Less Polite]

Older Man - 아저씨 - ajussi (Uncle)

Elderly Woman - 할머니 - hal muh ni (Grandmother) [Polite]

Elderly Man - 할아버지 - hara buh ji (Grandpa) [Less Polite]

Father - 아버지 - ah buh ji

Father in law - 시아버지 - shi ah buh ji

Father in law - 장인어른 - jang in uh reun

Dad - 아빠 - appa [Informal]

Mum - 엄마 - umma

Mother - 어머니 - uh muh ni

Mother in law - 시어머니 - shi uh muh ni

Mother in law - 장모님 - jang mo nim

Siblings - 손위 형제 자매

Older Sister - 언니 - unni (If the speaker is female)

Older Brother - 오빠 - oppa (If the speaker is female)

Older Sister - 누나 - nuna (If the speaker is male)

Older Brother - 형 - hyung (If the speaker is male)

Younger Sibling - 동생 - dong saeng (Regardless of speaker's gender)

Lesson Created By KkOmA

Lesson 14 - Grammar 5 + 6

Grammar 5 에 [Lesson Created By KkOmA]

위치격 조사. 장소나 시간 명사 뒤에 쓴다. '위치'나 '방향', '때'를 나타낸다.
[Locative particle. Used after place or time noun and shows 'location, direction or time'.] [ Similar to 'in/at or to' ]

보기~
1. 냉장고: 냉장고 + 에 ---> 냉장고에 [위치: place]
2. 아침: 아침 + 에 ---> 아침에 [때: time]
3. 도서관: 도서관 + 에 ---> 도서관에 [방향: direction]

예문~
. 가족이 교회에 있어요. My family is at church.
. 우유가 가게에 있어요. Milk is in the shop.
. 밤에 착을 읽어요. I read a book at night.
. 지금 은행에 가요. I go to the bank now.

Grammar 6 에

셈을 세는 단위 명사와 결합하여 단위나 셈의 '기준'을 나타낸다.
[Added to the unit noun which counts numbers, it shows the 'standard' of the counting or unit.] [Similar to 'a, per, or by']

보기~
1. 한 그롯 -- 이천 원입니다. -----> 한 그롯을 이천 원입니다.
2. 만 원 -- 여섯 개입니다. -----> 만 원에 여섯 개입니다.

예문~
. 일 주일에 두 번 갑니다. I go twice a week.
. 한 시간에 20페이지를 읽습니다. I read 20 pages per hour.
. 옷 한 벌에 4만원입니다. It costs 40,000 won by the set.
. 한 반에 10명입니다. There are 10 students in a class.

Lesson 13 - Grammar 3 + 4

Grammar 3 도 [Lesson Created By KkOmA]

조사. '또, 또한, 역시'의 의미를 나타내는 보조사, '-에게도, -와/과도' 처럼 다른 조사 뒤에 붙기도 한다.
[Particle with the meaning of 'also, too' May be attached to the end of other particles as in '-에게도 and -과도.'] [Similar to 'also, too']

보기~
1. 책이 있습니다. + 노트가 있습니다. -----> 책이 있습니다. 노트도 있습니다.
2. 사과를 먹습니다. + 수박을 먹습니다. ------> 사과를 먹습니다. 수박도 먹습니다.

예문~
. 예습을 합니다. 복습도 합니다. [ I prepare the lessons. I go over the lessons, too]
. 책을 읽습니다. 신문도 읽습니다. [ I read a book. I read a newspaper, too]
. 선생님을 만납니다. 친구도 만납니다. [ I meet a teacher. I meet a friend, too]
. 영화가 재미있습니다. 소설책도 재미있습니다. [ The movie is interesting. The novel is interesting, too]

Grammar 4 은/는

조사. 명사나 부사, 다른 조사나 어미에 붙어서 문장의 주제임을 나타내거나 '대조', '강조'의 뜻으로 쓴다.
[ Topic particle. Attached to nouns, adverbs, other particles or endings, it shows the subject of the sentence or may be used to show 'contrast' or 'emphasis'. ]

1. "은" ----> 자음으로 끝나는 명사일 때: When the noun ends in a consonant, add "은"
2. "는" ----> 모음으로 끝나는 명사일 때: When the noun ends in vowel, add "는"

보기~
1. 물: 물 + 은 ---> 물은
2. 우유: 우유 + 는 ---> 우유는

예문~
.책이 있습니다. 사전은 없습니다. [ There is a book. There is not a dictionary, though. ]
.넥타이가 쌉니다. 옷은 비쌉니다. [ The tie is cheap. However, the clothes are expensive. ]
.버스가 느립니다. 지하철은 빠릅니다. [ The bus is slow. However, the subway train is fast. ]
.여름이 덥습니다. 겨울은 춥습니다. [ It's hot in summer. However, it's cold in winter. ]

Lesson 12 - Grammar 1 + 2

Grammar 1 이/가 [Lesson Created By KkOmA]

주격 조사. 명사 뒤에 봍어서 주어를 나타내는 조사로는 '-께서, -(에)서' 등이더 있다.
[Subject particle. Particles which come after a noun shows 'subject' are: -께서, -(에)서, etc.]

1. "-이" --> 선행 명사가 자음으로 끝날 때
: When the noun ends in a consonant.. add 이
2. "-가" --> 선행 명사가 모음으로 끝날 때
: When the noun ends in a vowel.. add 가

보기~ 1. 책상: 책상 + 이 --> 책상이
2. 사과: 사과 +가 --> 사과가

참고 '나, 너, 저, 누구' 뒤에 붙으면 '내가, 네가, 제가, 누가'로 된다.
When 이/가 is attached at the end of '나, 너, 저, and 누구,' the words change into '내가, 네가, 제가, and 누가.'
내가 가요. 네가 갔니? 제가 가겠습니다. 누가 갑니까?

예문~ .연필이 있습니다. There is a pencil.
. 안경이 없습니다. There is not a pair of glasses.
. 시계가 비쌉니다. The watch is expensive.
. 딸기가 맛있습니다. The strawberry is delicious.


Grammar 2 을/를
조사. 명사에 붙어서 동사의 '목적어'를 나타낸다.
[Object particle. Comes after a noun and shows the "object" of the verb.]

1. "-을" --> 자음으로 끝나는 명사일 때: When the noun ends in a consonant.. add 을
2. "-를" --> 모음으로 끝나는 명사일 때: When the noun ends in a vowel.. add 를

보기~ 1. 책: 책 + 을 --> 책을
2. 교과서: 교과서 + 를 --> 교과서를

참고~ 구어에서는 생략되거나 모음 뒤에서 '-ㄹ'만으로 줄여 쓰기도 한다.
[ In spoken language, it may be omitted or abbreviated into '-ㄹ' after a vowel.
영화를 보고 커피를 마셨어요. --> "영활 보고 커필 마셨어요."

예문~ . 신문을 봅니다. I read a newspaper.
. 커피를 마십니다. I drink a cup of coffee.
. 수영을 합니다. I swim.
. 자우개를 삽니다. I buy an eraser.




Rules:
01. If a character has a romanization with letters separated by an "/", that is what the letter should be romanized as the final letter when found at the end of a syllable. Example: 밥 (rice) would be bap. 02. When ㅅ is followed directly by ㅣ, it should be romanized as shi. Example: 다시 (again) would be dashi.
03. To avoid confusion of syllables, a hyphen can be used. Example: 후에 (after) would be hu-e.
04. When ㄱ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅂ are found directly before vowel, they are romanized as g, d, r, b.
05. When ㄱ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅂ are found directly before a consonant, they should be romanized as k, t, r, p.

Lesson 11 Using -seyo

Making requests more polite
The polite honorific -seyo can be used to make requests more polite, -seyo is used when the verb stem ends in in a vowel, and -useyo is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant.

Examples of these are:-
mashi- becomes mashiseyo
ha- becomes haseyo
kidari- becomes kidariseyo
iss- becomes issuseyo
anj- becomes anjuseyo

If you want to request someone to wait for you, you would say kidariseyo (Please wait !!).
The use of -seyo means that you have a special respect for the person, for example if you say hansongsaengnim-i hakkyo-e kaseyo ,you are saying Mr Han is going to school. ( But you are also showing special respect for him ).


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What you want to do ?
Koreans use -ko ship'oyo which literally means want to, and this can be added to a verb stem.
For example you may say, cho-nun mok-ko ship'oyo which means I want to eat, notice that when it is used, the -ko is utilised by being added to the end of the verb stem.


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Making Suggestions
When making suggestions, Koreans use -(u)pshida ( literally means lets do), as you may have guessed, -pshida is attached onto verb stems ending in a vowel, and -upshida is attached to verbstems ending in a consonant.
Here are some examples:-
Umryosu mashipshida ( Lets have a drink )

Lesson 10 Numbers and Counting

In Korean there are two sets of numbers which are used when counting, the first set are known as pure Korean numbers, and the other are Sino-korean which is based on the chinese numerals.
The use of these numbers depends on the context in which it is used, for example the pure korean numbers are used when counting hours, and the sino korean when used to count minutes.

kong 0
il 1 shibil 11 ishibil 21
i 2 shibi 12 ishibi 22
sam 3 shipsam 13 ishipsam 23
sa 4 shipsa 14 ishipsa 24
o 5 shibo 15
yuk 6 shimnyuk 16
ch'il 7 shipch'il 17
p'al 8 shipp'al 18
ku 9 shibku 19 ishipku 29
ship 10 iship 20 samship 30

saship 40
kuship 90
paek 100
ch'on 1000
man 10,000

Lesson 9 - Using Negative Copula's

Negative Copula
In Korean, when you are trying to say something is not something else, we use the negative copula anieyo. For instance, When saying 'A is not B', we would say :-

cho-nun songsaengnim-i anieyo ( I am not a teacher ).
hanguk hakkwa-ga anieyo ( Not the Korean department ).



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Answering questions with Yes and No in Korean
This is a tricky aspect of the Korean language, it is quite different to how we would speak in English.
For example: -
Question in English = "Do you like Korea ?"
Answer in English = "Yes I do like it" or "No i dont"
Answer in Korean = "No, I do like it" or "Yes i dont"

As you can see...it can be confusing at first, so you will need to think carefully.


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Where is it?
When asking where something is in Korean, you would say (X-subject) odieyo?
However, it is also possible to say (X-subject) odi issoyo?

When answering a Where is question, you must always use issoyo as a verb such that:-
hakkyo-ga kogi issoyo ( the school is over there ).


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Using Korean sentences with but....
We have previously seen that shillye hamnida and the equivalent shillye-jiman mean "Excuse me,but" or "I'm Sorry, but...." .
There are lots of verbs where you may attach -jiman onto, here are a few of them:-
ka- ( go ) ka-jiman ( goes, but .......)
ha- ( do ) ha-jiman ( does,but......)
sa- ( buy ) sa-jiman ( buys,but.....)
iss- ( is/are, have ) it-jiman ( has,but....)
mashi- ( drink ) mashi-jiman ( drinks,but.....)
mok- ( eat ) mok-jiman ( eats, but.......)
anj- (sit ) anj-jiman ( sits, but.....)

Note that for the word iss-jiman the double ss is re-written to itjiman


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Using polite requests
In Korean, the word chom is used to mean "please", however do not mistake it to mean the same as the English word for please for all occurances. For instance, when you use chom in a request immediately before the verb at the end of the sentence, it takes on the effect of please.
It is most frequently using in relation to chu- when making requests, for example
Han songsaengnim chom pakkwo-juseyo( Can I speak to Mr Han ), or you might use it in Soju chom chuseyo ( Please give me the Soju ). As you can see, chom may be used to soften up requests by making it more polite.

Lesson 8 - More on Grammar

-hamnida and -jiman
In Korean, it is possible to add polite endings to verbs, for example, shillye hamnida (excuse me), which is comprised of the verb stem shille ha-, and the verb ending hamnida (note this is the formal style).
There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman (I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stem shillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.


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Asking a person
In Korean, there is a special verb which may be used in the event where you want to ask someone if they are someone.....for example "Are you Mr Han".
We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)


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Subjects and topics of Korean sentences
In Korean, we attach -i to the end of nouns which end with consonants, or attach -ga to the end of nouns which end in a vowel. By doing this, it is possible to give emphasis, on subjects in sentences.
For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.

For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man.

On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.

Lesson 8 - More on Grammar

-hamnida and -jiman
In Korean, it is possible to add polite endings to verbs, for example, shillye hamnida (excuse me), which is comprised of the verb stem shille ha-, and the verb ending hamnida (note this is the formal style).
There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman (I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stem shillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Asking a person
In Korean, there is a special verb which may be used in the event where you want to ask someone if they are someone.....for example "Are you Mr Han".
We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)


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Subjects and topics of Korean sentences
In Korean, we attach -i to the end of nouns which end with consonants, or attach -ga to the end of nouns which end in a vowel. By doing this, it is possible to give emphasis, on subjects in sentences.
For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.

For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man.

On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.

Lesson 7 - Korean Names and Topics

In Korean, when you want to address men politely, one would use the word songsaegnim attached to their surname or full name, this literally means teacher.
For example, one would say Yoo Songsaegnim or with the full name Yoo SangHyun Songsaegnim.
It is not possible to a Korean persons first name, such like SangHyun Songsaegnim. For that same reason, when you use the ssi, you cannot say Yoo-ssi, or Yoo SangHyun-ssi, but would rather say SangHyun-ssi.

Addressing Korean women, in Korea women do not take their husbands surname when they get married.
For example if Mrs Han is married to Mr Kim, then she may referred to as Kim songsaengnim-puin (Kim mr-wife), or she maybe reffered to in a similar English terminology such as Misesu Han(Mrs Han).


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Using Copula to describe "this is that"
In Korean, if you want to describe A is B , you will have to use special verbs called copula. In Korea, this copula is present at the end of a sentence, and behaves a little differently to ordinary verbs.

If you want to say A is B(like "This is a Korean book"):-

A B-ieyo (or B-eyo)
this Korean book-ieyo

It is obvious that you would use -eyo when B ends in a vowel, but -ieyo when B ends on a consonant.

songsaengnim-ieyo (is teacher)
soju-eyo (is soju)

IMPORTANT to note that in Korean the copula is only used to describe when this "is equivalent to".
It cant be used to say "is located in"(is underneath", "is near") nor can it be used to say "is a certain way" (i.e "is red", "is happy").


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Describing how things are
Korean possess words which mean "is a certain way".
Ottaeyo means is how?, as in:
songsaengnim ottaeyo? ( How is teacher ? or What is teacher like? )
saob ottaeyo? (How is business? or What is business like?)

Kuraeyo literally means "it is like that", and may be used as a statement such as "it's like that", "thats right", "it is".
On the other hand it may be used as a question Kuraeyo? meaning "is it like that?", "really?" or "is that so?".
Korean has a special particle, used in attachment to place emphasis on what is being talked about.
by adding -un or nun, it makes As for Business or As for me.
-nun is attached to a noun, whereas -un is attached to a vowel. EG soju-nun (as for soju), Songsaengnim-un (as for teacher).

Lesson 6 - Asking for things

There Are / There is
The Korean verb which means either "there are" and "there is" is issoyo ( 있 어요 )
They are dependent on the context in which you use them, and on what you are talking about. The stem of the verb is iss- with the inclusion of o and the polite particle -yo, thus forming the ending -oyo. However in the case where the verb stem ends in vowel, we use -a or -o, such as -ayo.
Vowel stem - yo
Consonant stem - ayo if the last vowel ends with -a or -o
Consonant Stem - oyo


In context the oppposite of iss- is ops- which literally means "there isnt" or "there arent".



Uses of the verbs
chogi issoyo means "it exist over there", or "its over there"
Issoyo on its own can mean "I have/he has"
Opsoyo means "I dont have" or "I havent got"



In a shop
When addressing a shop keeper or waiters, Koreans use ajossi literally meaning uncle, but is used as a general word when addressing someone in a shop.
However if it were to be used in a formal way, it is only for the referral of a man,
For females the word ajumma meaning aunt is used, for people over 35-ish, and for younger woman agassi is used for young women.

In Korean, we use a particle which comes after a noun that it relates to, such as na-do (me-too).
In English, it is the opposite, we would say 'with-me', whereas Korean is 'me-with'.


Using 'and'
In Korean, the word for and is -hago, this is a particle so when it is to be used it must be attached to a noun. For example, when you say 'burger and chips', in Korean it would be 'burger-hago chips. The word hago becomes part of burger.
The particle hago can also mean with such as, Doojin-hago shinae-e kayo meaning 'I am going to town with Doojin'.

Ordering with numbers
When asking for 'one' item we say 'hana' which is said after you have selected the meal you wish to order. For example we would say, soju hana chuseyo meaning "soju one give me please".
The word chuseyo utilises the polite word stem -yo, attached to chu-, which means "give me please"

Lesson 5 - Sentence Structure and order

Korean Sentence Structure and Word order
In Korean the structure of sentence differ to English sentences, for example the phrase Chal Chinaessooyo literally means "Well have you been getting on?" which is the opposite from English.
In general the structure of the Korean sentences is broken down as subject - object - verb
"Jon the ball kicked"


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"To Go" in order to do sentences
There are a few words that you may add to the end of verb stems at the end of sentences, these include -yo which makes sentences polite, and -ro which means "in order to".
In some cases the verb stems may in effect end in consonants in which case -uro is utilised.
The order of the sentences for an example sentence of "in order to buy bread I am goin to the shops" is restructured as "bread buy-in order-to the shops go"
In Korean unlike English, the subject of the sentences is optional like "I", then the "in order section" is next, which is then followed by "the place you are going".

(In English) I go to the shops in-order -to buy bread
(in Korean) I (optional) bread buy - in-order to shops to go

The Konglish for this sentence in Korean would be na-do ppang sa-ro kayo (I-do bread buy-in order-to go).


* The construction can only be used in verbs involving 'going' and 'coming' and cannot be used with other verbs at the end of sentences.

Lesson 4 - Grammer

Korean Names

In general, Korean names consist of 3 syllables.
The first part is the Surname ( such as Kim, Lee and Pak ), it is the followed by a two-syllable first name. In Korean, the surname always comes first which is opposite of Western Names such as Doojin Pak instead of the Korean method of Pak Doojin.
When you are referring to someone who you know well, then you may be able to refer to them directly, such as using their first name. However when youare introduced to someone to whom you are not familiar with, or am meeting for the first time, then you would add -ssi to the end of the name. An example of this would be Doojin-ssi

Making Polite Sentences

With verb stems which end in vowels such a ka-, ha- and sa- , it is possible to make these into polite sentences by adding -yo to the end of the words, such as Kayo ( which means "to go", or "I go" or "he goes" ). Verbs in the polite style can be used as statements, questions, suggestions or commands, and may be further emphasised by the tone of your voice. For example, Chal Chinaessoyo may be both expressed as a question by asking how someone is, or can be a question stating that you are fine. Another example is the more common Annyong Haseyo.

Lesson 3 Use of Consonants (자음) and Vowels (모음)

Vowels in the korean languages may be attached to the left, right or beneath each other in order to form a word, the following are examples of their use : -


가 = ka 거 = keo 겨 = kyeo
갸 = kya 기 = ki 고 = ko

바 = pa 버 = peo 부 = pu
뵤 = pyo 지 = chi 저 = cheo
즈 = chu 조 = cho 마 = ma
머 = meo 무 = mo 나 = na
너 = neo 이 = i 야 = ya
디 = ti 고 = ko 댜 = tya
요 = yo 오 = o 도 = to
드 = tu 두 = too 그 = ku



When constructing a word, you must add a mixture of consonants and vowels, beginning with the consonant at the beginning of the word. In some cases, there is no need to use a consonant at the beginning in which case ㅇ (null character) is used.
ㅇ + ㅏ = 아 a
ㄹ + ㅡ + ㅁ = 름 rum
ㄱ + ㅏ + ㅁ = 감 kam
ㄲ + ㅜ + ㅇ = 꿍 kkoong
ㅇ + ㅗ + ㅅ = 옷 ot
ㅇ + ㅓ + ㅂㅅ = 없 eop
ㄲ + ㅗ + ㅊ = 꽃 kkot
ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 한 han
ㄱ + ㅡ + ㄱ = 극 guk

More on constructing words
A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on the left and the vowel on the right
ㄴ + ㅏ = 나
n + a = na

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on top and the vowel underneath:
ㅁ + ㅗ = 모
m + o = mo

If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable.
ㅁ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 만
m + a + n = man

Lesson 2 Double Vowels (모음)
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ
eir yeir ere yere wa where wo weo

ㅟ ㅢ
weou wei

Lesson 1 Hangul Alphabet System

Vowels : -
ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ
"a" "ya" "eo" "yeo" "o"

ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ
"yo" "oo" or "u" "yoo" or "yu" "eu" "i"

Consonants : -
ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ
"g" or "k" "n" "d" or "t" " r " or " l " "m"

ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ
"b" or "p" "s" - " ch " " ch' "

ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
" g' " or " k' " " d' " " p' " " h "

Note that " ' " means the letter is aspirated, i.e a sharp sound.

ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 한 han
h a n

ㄱ + ㅜ + ㄱ = 국 guk
g u k 한국 pronounced HanGuk meaning Korea

1. 안녕하세요 你好
2. 건강은 어떠세요? 身体好吗？
3. 고맙습나다 谢谢
4. 바쁘세요? 忙吗？
5. 그다지 바쁘지 않아요. 不太忙
6. 오시느라고 수고했어요. 一路上辛苦了
7. 오래간만이에요. 好不见了
8. 그동안 잘 지내셨어요? 最近过的好吗？
9. 덕택에 잘 있어요. 托您的福，过的很好
10. 안녕히 가세요. 안녕히 계세요. 再见
11. 왕선생님 계세요? 王老师在吗？
12. 어서 들어오세요. 请进
13. 잠깐 기다려 주세요. 请稍等
14. 기다리게 해서 죄송합니다. 让你久等了，很抱歉
15. 왕선생님은 도서관에 가셨어요. 王老师去图书馆了
16. 미안합나다. 对不起
17. 언제 돌아오시나요. 什么时候回来？
18. 오후에 돌아오실거에요. 下午会回来
19. 저녁에 다시 오겠어요. 晚上我再来。
20. 그럼 먼저 실례하겠습니다. 那我先告辞了。
21. 처음 뵙겠습니다.잘 부탁드립니다. 初次见面，请多关照。
22. 성험이 어떻게 되십니까? 您贵姓？
23. 저는 김호라고 부릅니다. 我叫金浩
24. 이렇게 만나뵙게 되어서 반갑습니다. 见到您很高兴
25. 누구세요? 谁呀？
26. 왕선생님이에요. 是王老师
27. 저분은 북경대학의 교수님입니다. 那位是北京大学的 教授
28. 그분도 한국사람입니까? 他也是韩国人吗？
29. 아니에요.그분은 중국사람입니다. 不，他是中国人。
30. 실례지만 북경대학의 왕교수님이십니까? 请问您是北京大学的王教授吗？
31. 영어를 할 줄 아세요? 你会说英语吗？
32. 예,조금 알아요. 会一点
33. 할 줄 몰라요. 不会
34. 어떤 외국어를 아세요? 你会什么外语？
35. 한국어와 영어를 할 줄 알아요. 我会说韩国语和英语
36. 제 말을 알아들으셨나요? 你听懂我的话了吗？
37. 못 알아듣겠어요. 听不懂
38. 좀 천천히 말씀해 주세요. 请你慢一点说
39. 미안하지만 다시 한번 말씀해 주세요. 对不起，请你再说一遍
40. 한국어를 많이 가르쳐 주세요. 请您教我韩国语。
41. 이것은 무엇입니까? 这是什么？
42. 이것은 라디오 입니다. 这是收音机
43. 이 책은 누구의 것입니까? 这本书是谁的？
44. 이것은 우리 동생의 것입니다. 这是我弟弟的
45. 이것은 제 것이 아니에요.이명씨의 것이에요. 这不是我的，是李明的
46. 시계는 어디에 있어요? 表在哪？
47. 시계는 책상 위에 있어요. 表在桌子上
48. 잘 모르겠어요. 不大清楚
49. 책상위에 무엇이 있나요? 桌子上有什么？
50. 책상밑에 걸상이 있어요. 桌子底下有凳子。
51. 한국의 기후는 어때요? 韩国的气候怎么样？
52. 한국의 기후는 참 좋아요. 韩国的气候很好
53. 어느 철을 제일 좋아하세요? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
54. 저는 봄과 가을을 좋아해요. 我喜欢春天和秋天
55. 봄에는 날씨가 어때요? 春天天气怎么样？
56. 봄에는 날씨가 따뜻해요. 春天天气暖和
57. 북경은 서울보다 날씨가 어때요? 北京比汉城的天气怎么样？
58. 북경은 서울보다 날씨가 훨씬 건조해요. 北京比汉城干燥多了。
59. 일기예보에 의하면 오늘은 비가 내린답니다. 据天气预报说今天有雨。
60. 내일 기온은 35도래요. 明天的气温是35度。
61. 지금은 몇십니까? 现在几点？
62. 12시 10분입니다. 12点10分
63. 날마다 몇 시경에 일어나세요? 每天几点起床？
64. 대개 7시 5분 전에 일어나요. 大概在7点5分起床。
65. 하루에 몇시간씩공부하시지요? 一天学习几个小时？
66. 하루에 6시간씩 공부해요. 一天学习6个小时。
67. 몇 시부터 회의를 시작해요? 几点开始开会？
68. 오후 두 시반부터 네시까지 회의를 합니다. 下午两点半到四点开会
69. 현지 시간으로 8시 15분에 런던에 도착합니다 当地时间8点一刻到达伦敦
70. 서울어서 런던까지 비행기로 약 8시간쯤 걸립니다.
从汉城到伦敦，乘飞机需要8小时左右
71. 오늘은 며칠이에요? 今天几号？
72. 오늘은 1월1일잉에요..새해에요. 今天是1月1号，是新年。
73. 오늘은 무슨 요일인가요? 今天星期几？
74. 오늘은 일요일이에요. 今天星期日
75. 나이가 어떻게 되십니까? 多大年纪了？
76. 저는 1982년9월19일생입니다.올해 만 22살이에요.
我是1982年9月19日出生的。今年满22岁了
77. 왕선생님의 생신은 언제입니까? 王老师的生日是什么时候？
78. 제 생일은 11월 19일입니다, 我的生日是11月9号
79. 언제 중국에 오셨어요? 什么时候来中国的？
80. 작년 5월 중순에 왔어요. 去年5月中旬来的。
81. 가족은 몇 명이에요? 您家里有几口人？
82. 우리 가족은 모두 넷이에요.아버지와 어머니가 계시고 저와 동새이 있어요.이 我家共四口人，父亲、母亲、还有我和弟弟。
83. 아버님은 뭘 하세요? 父亲做什么工作？
84. 아버지는 회사에 다녀요.새별그룹의 사장이에요.
父亲在公司上班。是新星集团的社长。
85. 참 행복한 가정이군요. 真是个幸福之家啊。
86. 결혼했어요? 结婚了吗？
87. 오래간만이군요.약혼하셨다구요.언제 국수를 먹게 되나요?
好久不见了，听说你订婚了。什么时候吃你们的喜糖啊？
88. 신부 되실 분은 어떤 분이에요? 新娘是个怎样的人？
89. 서울대학 중문과를 나온 사람이에요. 他是汉城大学中文系的毕业生
90. 왜 빨리 결혼하지 않아요? 为什么不早点结婚？
91. 여보세요,박교수님 댁이지요. 喂，朴教授家吗？
92. 북경대학의 김호인데요.미안하지만 박교수님 좀 바꿔 주세요.
我是北京大学的金浩，请朴教授接电话。
93. 아니에요.틀렸어요.여기는 서울역입니다.
不对，打错了。这里是汉城火车站。
94. 금성전자를 좀 대주세요. 请接金星电子公司。
95. 미안하지만 지금 통화중입니다. 对不起，现在占线。
96. 금성전자의 전화번호는 356의 7276입니다. 金星电子的电话号码是356-7276
97. 국제전화를 하고 싶은데요. 我想打国际长途。
98. 죄송하지만 국제전화는 어떻게 겁니까? 请问国际长途怎么打？
99. 끊지 말고 잠깐만 기다려 주십시오. 不要放下电话，请稍等。
100.어디로 거시겠습니까? 您要哪？
101.명동으로 가는 길을 가르쳐 주시겠습니까?
您能告诉我去明洞的路吗？
102.이 길로 곧장 가다가 다음 모통이에서 왼쪽으로 꺾어지십시오.
沿着这条路一直往前走，在下一个路口往左拐。
103.앞으로 곧장50미터쯤 가세요. 一直往前走50米。
104.동물원으로 가려면 어떻게 갑니까? 去动物园怎么走？
105.삼거리가 나오면 오른편으로 가십시오. 到丁字路口往左走。
106.15분쯤 걸립니다. 走15分钟左右。
107.버스를 타시는 것이 더 빠를거에요. 乘公共汽车去更快。
108.버스 정류장은 바로 맞은 편에 있습니다. 车站就在对面。
109.이 길을 건너 가세요. 请过马路。
110.저긴 남선공원이에요. 那是南山公园。
111.그걸 좀 보여 주세요. 请让我看看那个。
112.얼마예요? 多少钱？
113.일 킬로그램에 500원이에요. 一公斤500元。
114.너무 비싸군요. 太贵了。
115.더 싼 것은 없나요? 没有便宜点的吗？
116.사이즈는 얼마신지요? 尺寸多大？
117.지금 구경하고 있는 중이니까요. 我正看着呢。
118.여행자 수표도 받으시나요? 旅行支票也收吗？
119.2달러 거슬러 드립니다. 找你2美元零钱。
120.이 가게는 오전 9시에 열어서 오후5시에 닫습니다.
这家商店上午9点开门，下午5点关门。
121.한식을 아직도 먹어 본 일이 없어요 还没吃过韩国菜。
122.한국 음식은 불고기가 유명해요. 韩国饮食中烤肉很有名。
123.냉면과 김치도 유명하더군요. 听说冷面和泡菜也很有名。
124.불고기 2인분하고 잡채 하나,냉면 두 그릇으로 하겠습니다.
要两人的烤肉，一个小菜和两碗冷面。
125.맥주 한 병 정종 두 잔을 주세요. 来一瓶啤酒，两杯清酒。
126.술 좀 더 시킵니다. 再要点酒吧。
127.급해요.주문한 것을 빨리 갖다 주시겠어요?
很着急，请快一点上我们的菜。
128.여보세요.아가씨 계산서를 부탁합니다. 喂，小姐，请拿帐单来。
129.서비스료는 포함돼 있습니까? 包含服务费吗？
130.한국음식 맛이 어때요? 韩国菜的味道怎么样？
131.전보 한 장 치고서 곧 돌아오지요. 我去打个电报，马上回来。
132.이 편지를 항공편이로 보내 주세요. 这封信请寄航空信。
133.그러면 가는 길에 이 편지를 우체통에 넣어 주세요.
那么，顺便替我把这封信投进邮筒里。
134.이 편지를 서울에 부치려고 해요. 我想把这封信寄到韩国。
135.삼백 원짜리 우푤를 붙여야 돼요. 贴上300元的邮票就行了。
136.얼마짜리 우표를 붙여야 하지요? 得贴多少钱的邮票。
137.국내 지급전보 요금은 한 글자에 얼마지요?
国内加急电报费，一个字多少钱？
138.열자 이내에 오백원이에요. 十字以内500元。
139.언제쯤 편지가 서울에 도착할까요? 什么时候可以到汉城？
140.주소를 잘못 썼기 때문이지요. 那是由于写错了地址吧。
141.이틀 밤 묵을 예약을 했는데요. 预定了两天的住房。
142.죄송합니다만 성함이 어떻게 되시지요.对不起，你的姓名是……
143.욕실 달린 1인용 방을 부탁합니다. 我要一间带浴室的单人房间。
144.책상 옆에 두십시오. 请放到桌子旁边。
145.방을 따뜻하게 해 주시겠습니까? 能把房间调暖和些吗？
146.세탁물은 어디다 두면 됩니까? 要洗的衣服放到哪？
147.내일 아침 6시에 깨워 주십시오.그리고 7시에 아침식사를 방으로 갖다 주십시오.
明天早上6点请叫醒我，另外7点把早餐送到我房间里来。
148.편히 묵으시기 바랍니다. 希望你休息好。
149.몇시에 체크 아우트 하시렵니까? 您想几点结帐？
150.가방을 맡아서 10시까지 보관해 주실 수 없을는지요
我把包存上，能给我保管到10点吗？
151.머리를 깎기만 해 주세요. 请给我理发。
152.빨리 해 주셨으면 좋겠어요. 最好快一些理。
153.보기 좋도록 깎아 주세요. 怎么好就怎么理。
154.이발하신지 오래 되셨나요? 好久没理发了吧。
155.아니요.이발한지 겨우 이 주일 되었는데요.뭐 两周前我刚理发。
156.이젠 많이 짧아졌습니다. 现在短多了。
157.예,그럽시다. 好，就这么办吧。
158.이발하시니까 참 젊어 보입니다. 您理了发，显的年轻多了。
159.마음에 드십니까? 满意吗？
160.수고하셨어요. 辛苦了。
161.어디가 편찮으십니까? 您哪不舒服？
162.배가 아픕니다. 肚子疼。
163.거의 먹지 못하고 있습니다. 几乎不能吃东西。
164.청진할테니까요. 听诊一下。
165.2,3일 쉬시면 될 겁니다. 休息两三天就好了。
166.식후하고 하셨지요. 你是说饭后服用吧。
167.오늘 하루는 고기와 계란을 먹으면 안 됩니다.
今天一天不能吃肉和鸡蛋。
168.우유도 먹어서는 안 됩니까? 牛奶也不能喝吗？
169.배탈이 났을 때는 되도록 하루쯤 아무것도 잡수시지 않는 편이 좋습니다.
泻肚的时候尽可能一天什么都不吃。
170.집에 약은 뭐가 있어요? 家里有什么药吗？
171.한국에 오신 적이 있습니까? 您来过韩国吗？
172.이번이 처음입니다. 这是第一次。
173.몇 코오스인가가 있습니다. 有几条路线。
174.설명은 영어로 합니까? 用英语解说吗？
175.그러면 관광버스로 가기로 합시다. 那我们就决定乘旅游车去吧。
176.이 버스는 먼지 남산으로 간 다음에 국회의사당,국립박물관으로 갑니다.
这辆车首先到南山，然后去国会议事堂，国立博物馆。
177.얼마나 높습니까? 有多高？
178.남산은 공기도 신선하고 나무도 많습니다. 南山的空气新鲜，树也多。
179.참 가볼 만한 곳이군요. 真是值得一游的地方。
180.몇시에 돌아 와야 하나요? 应该几点返回？
181.한국에서 가장 인기 있는 스포츠는 뭐예요?
在韩国，最受欢迎的体育运动是什么？
182.선생님 자신은 무슨 운동을 좋아하십니까?
老师您最喜欢什么体育运动？
183.언제가 저하고 탁구 시합 한번 할까요?
什么时候和我赛一场乒乓球啊？
184.그런데 이명씨가 아무리 잘한다 해도 나한텐 못 당할걸요.
但是，不管你李明怎么行，也打不过我。
185.대학생 탁구경기에 여러번 참가했어요.
参加了好几次大学生乒乓球比赛。
186.이등을 하고 은메달을 하나 받았어요. 获亚军，得到了一块银牌。
187.결승전에서 상대방한테 이 대 영으로 지다니요.
在决赛中以0：2输给了对方。
188.저는 어제 테니스를 쳤어요. 我昨天打网球了。
189.김선생님과 테니스를 쳤어요. 和金老师打了网球。
190.경기한 다음에 샤워를 했어요. 比赛以后洗澡了。
191.버스를 잘 못 탔는가 싶은데요. 我可能坐错车了。
192.다음 정류장에서 내려 지하철을 타십시요.
请在下一站下车换地铁。
193.동물원으로 가려면 어느쪽에서 타면 됩니까?
要去动物园在哪边乘车？
194.올림픽호텔까지 가 주십시오. 到奥林匹克饭店。
195.사진을 찍을까 해요. 想照张相。
196.북경까지 가는 대한항공 비행기표를 예약하고 싶은데요.
我要预定大韩航空飞往北京的机票。
197.몇시에 체크인해야 합니까? 应该几点办手续？
198.902편은 정각대로 출발합니까? 902航班正点起飞吗？
199.한 시간쯤 지연되겠습니다. 推迟一个小时。
2201.여권 수속을 밟으러 왔는데요. 我来办护照。
202.어디로 여행하실 계획입니까? 您打算去哪旅行？
203.저는 서울에서 북경을 가쳐 몽고까지 갈 생각입니다.
我打算从汉城出发，经过北京到蒙古。
204.약 열흘정도 잡고 있습니다. 大概去十天左右。
205.2시 30분에 출발하는 부산행 2장 주세요.
请给我两张两点半到釜山的票。
206.생각보다 빠르군요. 比想象的快。
207.아 그거 좋은 생각이에요. 啊！好主意。
208.기차가 좋겠어요.고속 버스가 좋겠어요.
坐火车好呢？还是坐长途汽车好呢？
209.모든 수속은 저희 여행사가 대신해 줄 겁니다.
我们旅行社可以代您办好一切手续。
210.일반실은 매진이고 특실만 좌석이 있습니다.
普通票售完了，只剩下软卧铺票了。
211.떠날 준비는 다 되셨어요? 做好出发准备了吗？
212.가면 고생되겠지만 잘 참고 공부하세요.
去那里虽然艰苦，带要克服困难，努力学习。
213.한국에서 석사 과정을 마치려면 3년 정도 걸릴것 같아요.
在韩国读硕士学位，大概需要三年时间。
214.무엇부다 건강에 유의하세요.
最重要的是注意身体健康。
215.늦기 전에 어서 비행기에 오르세요.
别耽误了，快上飞机吧。
216.바쁘신데 나와주셔서 대단히 감사합나다.
谢谢你在百忙之中还来送我。
217.어머나,벌써 이렇게 시간이 흘러 버렸네요.
哎呀，已经这么晚了。
218.무사히 다녀 오세요. 一路顺风
219.그나 저나 이제 이사가면 주말마다 누구하고 테니스 치지요?
搬了家后，咱们周末都找谁去打网球啊？
220.이삿짐이 정리되는 대로 연락할께요.
整理好了搬家的东西之后，我马上和你联系。
221.지금 돈 가진 거 있어요? 你现在手里有钱吗？
222.접대하려니 돈이 좀 모자랄 것 같아서요.
想招待客人，可钱不一定够了。
223.새 집이라 아주 깨끗하군요. 因为是新房子，所以很干净。
224.이 쪽으로 앉으시죠. 请这边坐。
225.담배 좀 펴도 괜찮습니까? 我可以吸烟吗？
226.저는 전화를 한 통 썼으면 하는데요. 我想打个电话。
227.거실에 있으니 쓰세요. 客厅有电话，您随便用。
228.오래간만에 만나서 그런지 시간 가는 줄 모르겠네요.
也许是由于好久没见的缘故吧，时间过了这么久都不觉得。
229.뭐 다른 약속이 있으세요? 还有什么别的约会吗？
230.저도 신간 도서를 몇 권 사야 되거든요.
我也正想买几本新书呢。
231.정말 미안합니다. 真对不起了。
232.좀 양해해 주십시오. 请原谅。
233.그동안 페 많이 끼쳤습니다. 这段时间给您添麻烦了。
234.이거 계약서하고 물량이 맞지 않잖아요?
这可和合同上的数量不相符啊。
235.기계가 고장나는 바람에 주문량대로 못 가지고 왔습니다.
由于机器出了故障，所以不能如数交货。
236.대신 단가를 조금 깎아 드릴테니 일주일만 더기다려 주십시오.
我们可以稍微压低单价作为补偿，请再宽限一周。
237.폐는 무슨 폐야? 哪儿的话，什么添不添麻烦的。
238.정말 미안합니다.많이 늦었죠? 真对不起，我来晚了。
239.지난 번에 부탁하셨던 자료는 미리 복사해 두었어요.
次您要的资料预先都复印好了。
240.이거 귀찮게 해드려 정말 죄송합니다.
真不好意思，难为您了。
241.무슨 영화인데요? 是什么电影？
242.요즈음 그 영화가 그렇게 인기라면서요. 听说，那个电影最近挺轰动的。
243.한번 가서 보세요.꽤 볼만 해요. 你去看看吧。挺值得一看的。
244.영화 내용은 어땠어요? 电影内容怎么样？
245.혹시 사물놀이 공연을 본 적 있으세요? 你看过四乐器农乐演出吗？
246.내일 몇 시에 공연이 시작되죠? 明天演出几点开始？
247.무용에 관심이 있으세요? 你对舞蹈感兴趣吗？
248.어릴 때 잠깐 발레를 배운 적이 있어요? 我小时候学过一点芭蕾。
249.전 그날 중요한 모임이 있어 도저히 갈 수가 없어요.
那天我有一个重要的会，没法去。
250.귀한 입장권인데 제가 받아도 되나요?
这票挺贵的，我收下合适吗？
251.환전하려고 왔는데요. 想换钱。
252.500$를 원으로 바꾸려고 하는데요. 想换500美元。
253.오늘 환율이 어떻게 됩니까? 今天的兑换比价是多少？
254.1달러에 800원입니다. 一美元兑换800韩元。
255.신규 가입이군요. 新开帐户啊。
256.인출이 자유로운 걸로 하고 싶은데요. 想存活期存款。
257.이자는 몇%입니까? 利息是百分之几？
258.정기적금에 비해 조금 낮은 편이에요. 比定期存款稍微低一点。
259.각종 납부금 자동 인출도 가능하죠?
有各种代理支付自动服务业务吧？
260.여기 분실 신고서가 있으니 작성해 주세요.
这有挂失申报单。请填写。
261.여권 좀 보여 주십시오. 请出示护照。
262.혈액 검사 증명서도 제시해 주십시오. 请把您的血液检查证明也拿出来。
263미처 준비하지 못 했는데요. 还没来得及准备好。
264.증명서가 없다면 통관할 수가 없습니다.没有证明，不能放行。
265.짐무게를 달아 주시죠. 称一下行李重量吧。
266.그렇다면 초과 무게만큼 요금을 내신 후 가져가십시오.
那么，请交了超重费之后再拿走。
267.이 상자 좀 열어 주십시오. 请把这个箱子打开。
268.혹 이 골동품 때문에 그런 것은 아닙니까?
是不是因为这个古董的缘故？
269.죄송하지만 이 물건을 일단 압수해 두도록 하겠습니다.
对不起，我们要把这件东西暂时扣下。
270.미치 몰랐습니다.하마터면 큰 일을 저지를 뺀했군요.
预先不知道，差一点铸成大错。
271.새해 복 많이 받으세요. 恭贺新年。
272.새해 복 많이 받으시고 오래 오래 사세요. 祝您新年快乐，健康长寿。
273.새해에는 더욱 더 건강하세요. 祝您新年身体更加健康。
274.올해도 몸조심하면서 일하도록 하거라. 今年也要注意身体，努力工作。
275.부장으로 승진하신거 축하 드립니다. 祝贺您荣升为部长。
276.늘 열심히 일하시더니 제일 먼저 승진하시는군요.
您一直努力工作，所以晋升得很快。
277.지금 막 하려던 참이에요. 我刚想要办呢。
278.아드님의 결혼을 축하합니다. 祝贺令郎新婚之喜。
279.이렇게 찾아주셔서 감사합니다. 谢谢您的光临。
280.백년해로하고 부귀영화하시기를 축원합니다.
祝你们白头到老，荣华富贵。
281.이익 배당은 어떻게 됩니까? 利润怎么分成？
282.당신은 순수익의 20%를 차지할 수 있습니다.
你可以拿到纯利润的百分之二十。
283.언제 물건이 나옵니까? 什么时候交货？
284.비행기로 보낼까요.배로 보낼까요? 空运还是海运？
285.대금 결제는 어떤 방식으로 하죠? 采取何种付款方式？
286.현금 지불로 해 드리겠습니다. 支付现金。
287.계약서를 작성입니까? 定合同吧。
288.입찰할 작정입니까? 打算投标吗？
289.입찰에 응한 회사가 많습니까? 要投标的公司多吗？
290.경쟁이 치열하겠는데요. 竞争很激烈。
291.어떤 걸 하시려구요? 您想搞什么？
292.특산품 직매장을 할까 합니다. 是否搞点土特产销售呢？
293.요즈음 은행 융자 받기가 쉽지 않아요.现在取得银行贷款可不容易。
294.합자 회사입니까.주식 회사입니까? 是合资公司还是股份公司。
295.경험있는 외국 회사를 찾으려고 합니다.
想找一家有经验的外国公司。
296.얼마나 투자하실 생각입니까? 你想投资多少？
297.대부 좀 받으려고 왔는데요. 想争取一些贷款。
298.무슨 용도로 쓰실려구요. 有什么用途？
299.사업 확장에 쓰려구요. 想用于扩大业务范围。
300.빠른 시일내에 대출 준비 서류를 해 오십시오.
请尽快添好贷款申请表送来。
00.댁의 수하물은 5킬로그램 초과입니다. 您的行李超重5公斤。

ㄱ
가 ga 각 gak 간 gan 갈 gal 감 gam 갑 gap
갓 gat 강 gang 개 gae 객 gaek 거 geo 건 geon
걸 geol 검 geom 겁 geop 겨 gyeo 게 ge 격 gyeok
견 gyeon 결 gyeol 겸 gyeom 겹 gyeop 경 gyeong 계 gye
고 go 곡 gok 곤 gon 골 gol 곳 got 공 gong
곶 got 과 gwa 곽 gwak 관 gwan 괄 gwal 광 gwang
괘 gwae 괴 goe 굉 goeng 교 gyo 구 gu 국 guk
군 gun 굴 gul 굿 gut 궁 gung 권 gwon 궐 gwol
귀 gwi 규 gyu 균 gyun 귤 gyul 그 geu 극 geul
근 geun 글 geul 금 geum 급 geup 긍 geung 기 gi
긴 gin 길 gil 김 gim

ㄲ
까 kka 깨 kkae 꼬 kko 꼭 kkok 꽃 kkot 꾀 kkoe
꾸 kku 꿈 kkum 끝 kkeut 끼 kki

ㄴ
나 na 낙 nak 난 nan 날 nal 남 nam 납 nap
낭 nang 내 nae 냉 naeng 너 neo 널 neol 네 ne
녀 nyeo 녁 nyeok 년 nyeon 념 nyeom 녕 nyeong 노 no
녹 nok 논 non 놀 nol 농 nong 놰 nwae 뇌 noe
누 nu 눈 nun 눌 nul 느 neu 늑 neuk 늠 neum
능 neung 늬 nui 니 ni 닉 nik 닌 nin 닐 nil
님 nim

ㄷ
다 da 단 dan 달 dal 담 dam 답 dap 당 dang
대 dae 댁 daek 더 deo 덕 deok 도 do 독 dok
돈 don 돌 dol 동 dong 돼 dwae 되 doe 된 doen
두 du 둑 duk 둔 dun 뒤 dwi 드 deu 득 deuk
들 deul 등 deung 디 di

ㄸ
따 tta 땅 ttang 때 ttae 또 tto 뚜 ttu 뚝 ttuk
뜨 tteu 띠 tti

ㄹ
라 ra 락 rak 란 ran 람 ram 랑 rang 래 rae
랭 raeng 량 ryang 렁 reong 레 re 려 ryeo 력 ryeok
련 ryeon 렬 ryeol 렴 ryeom 렵 ryeop 령 ryeong 례 rye
로 ro 록 rok 론 ron 롱 rong 뢰 roe 료 ryo
룡 ryong 루 ru 류 ryu 륙 ryuk 륜 ryun 률 ryul
륭 ryung 르 reu 륵 reuk 른 reun 름 reum 릉 reung
리 ri 린 rin 림 rim 립 rip

ㅁ
마 ma 막 mak 만 man 말 mal 망 mang 매 mae
맥 maek 맨 maen 맹 maeng 머 meo 먹 meok 메 me
며 myeo 멱 myeok 면 myeon 멸 myeol 명 myeong 모 mo
목 mok 몰 mol 못 mot 몽 mong 뫼 moe 묘 myo
무 mu 묵 muk 문 mun 물 mul 므 meu 미 mi
민 min 밀 mil

ㅂ
바 ba 박 bak 반 ban 발 bal 밥 bap 방 bang
배 bae 백 baek 뱀 baem 버 beo 번 beon 벌 beol
범 beom 법 beop 벼 byeo 벽 byeok 변 byeon 별 byeol
병 byeong 보 bo 복 bok 본 bon 봉 bong 부 bu
북 buk 분 bun 불 bul 붕 bung 비 bi 빈 bin
빌 bil 빔 bim 빙 bing

ㅂ
빠 ppa 빼 ppae 뻐 ppeo 뽀 ppo 뿌 ppu 쁘 ppeu
삐 ppi

ㅅ
사 sa 삭 sak 산 san 살 sal 삼 sam 삽 sap
상 sang 샅 sat 새 sae 색 saek 생 saeng 서 seo
석 seok 선 seon 설 seol 섬 seom 섭 seop 성 seong
세 se 셔 syeo 소 so 속 sok 손 son 솔 sol
솟 sot 송 song 쇄 swae 쇠 soe 수 su 숙 suk
순 sun 술 sul 숨 sum 숭 sung 쉬 swi 스 seu
슬 seul 슴 seum 습 seup 승 seung 시 si 식 sik
신 sin 실 sil 심 sim 십 sip 싱 sing

ㅆ
싸 ssa 쌍 ssang 쌔 ssae 쏘 sso 쑥 ssuk 씨 ssi

ㅇ
아 a 악 ak 안 an 알 al 암 am 압 ap
앙 ang 앞 ap 애 ae 액 aek 앵 aeng 야 ya
얀 yan 약 yak 양 yang 어 eo 억 eok 언 eon
얼 eol 엄 eom 업 eop 에 e 여 yeo 역 yeok
연 yeon 열 yeol 염 yeom 엽 yeop 영 yeong 예 ye
오 o 옥 ok 온 on 올 ol 옴 om 옹 ong
와 wa 완 wan 왈 wal 왕 wang 왜 wae 외 oe
왼 oen 요 yo 욕 yok 용 yong 우 u 욱 uk
운 un 울 ul 움 um 웅 ung 워 wo 원 won
월 wol 위 wi 유 yu 육 yuk 윤 yun 율 yul
융 yung 윷 yut 으 eu 은 eun 을 eul 음 eum
읍 eup 응 eung 의 ui 이 i 익 ik 인 in
일 il 임 im 입 ip 잉 ing

ㅈ
자 ja 작 jak 잔 jan 잠 jam 잡 jap 장 jang
재 jae 쟁 jaeng 저 jeo 적 jeok 전 jeon 절 jeol
점 jeom 접 jeop 정 jeong 제 je 조 jo 족 jok
존 jon 졸 jol 종 jong 좌 jwa 죄 joe 주 ju
죽 juk 준 jun 줄 jul 중 jung 쥐 jwi 즈 jeu
즉 jeuk 즐 jeul 즘 jeum 즙 jeup 증 jeung 지 ji
직 jik 진 jin 질 jil 짐 jim 집 jip 징 jing

ㅉ
짜 jja 째 jjae 쪼 jjo 찌 jji

ㅊ
차 cha 착 chak 찬 chan 찰 chal 참 cham 창 chang
채 chae 책 chaek 처 cheo 척 cheok 천 cheon 철 cheol
첨 cheom 첩 cheop 청 cheong 체 che 초 cho 촉 chok
촌 chon 총 chong 최 choe 추 chu 축 chuk 춘 chun
출 chul 춤 chum 충 chung 측 cheuk 층 cheung 치 ch
칙 chik 친 chin 칠 chil 침 chim 칩 chip 칭 ching

ㅋ
코 ko 쾌 kwae 크 keu 큰 keun 키 ki

ㅌ
타 ta 탁 tak 탄 tan 탈 tal 탐 tam 탑 tap
탕 tang 태 tae 택 taek 탱 taeng 터 teo 테 te
토 to 톤 ton 톨 tol 통 tong 퇴 toe 투 tu
퉁 tung 튀 twi 트 teu 특 teuk 틈 teum 티 ti

ㅍ
파 pa 판 pan 팔 pal 패 pae 팽 paeng 퍼 peo
페 pe 펴 pyeo 편 pyeon 폄 pyeom 평 pyeong 폐 pye
포 po 폭 pok 표 pyo 푸 pu 품 pum 풍 pung
프 peu 피 pi 픽 pik 필 pil 핍 pip

ㅎ
하 ha 학 hak 한 han 할 hal 함 ham 합 hap
항 hang 해 hae 핵 haek 행 haeng 향 hyang 허 heo
헌 heon 험 heom 헤 he 혀 hyeo 혁 hyeok 현 hyeon
혈 hyeol 혐 hyeom 협 hyeop 형 hyeong 혜 hye 호 ho
혹 hok 혼 hon 홀 hol 홉 hop 홍 hong 화 hwa
확 hwak 환 hwan 활 hwal 황 hwang 홰 hwae 횃 hwaet
회 hoe 획 hoek 횡 hoeng 효 hyo 후 hu 훈 hun
훤 hwon 훼 hwe 휘 hwi 휴 hyu 휼 hyul 흉 hyung
흐 heu 흑 heuk 흔 heun 흘 heul 흠 heum 흡 heup
흥 heung 희 hui 흰 huin 히 hi 힘 him